Abstract: Magnesium(Mg) is an essential cationic for a variety of processes in the human body. It is critical to the function of ATP and the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and is an auxiliary factor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Magnesium not only plays an important role in neuromuscular processes, but also regulates mineral bone metabolism, adenosine triphosphate metabolism, neurotransmitter release, vascular tension, heart rhythm and platelet activating thrombosis. The kidney plays a major role in regulating magnesium balance, and the plasma magnesium concentration in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD) usually shows a high magnesium trend due to the decrease of glomerular filtration. Therefore, for a long time, the general policy of dialysis patients is to avoid magnesium load. However, hypomagnesemia is relatively common, especially in intensive care units, where the prevalence of low-magnesium disease is high, but is often undetected. For nearly 5 years, some cohort studies have reported that lower levels of serum magnesium are associated with an increased risk of total and cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients, and increase the risk of a variety of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. In addition, many studies have shown beneficial effects of magnesium supplements or increased magnesium concentrations in dialysis fluids, but more prospective studies are needed to confirm these effects. Although, magnesium is of physiological importance, its clinical importance is often underestimated. In fact, magnesium disorders are rarely mentioned in most medical books. In this review, we will discuss the causes of magnesium in dialysis patients, related diseases, and the treatment, in order to provide reference for follow-up research and clinical treatment.