Abstract: Objective To explore the expression level of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) TapSAKI in serum and its relationship with prognosis of patients with renal calculi. Methods Total 144 patients with renal calculi were selected as renal calculi group from January 2017 to June 2019, and 148 healthy people were selected as normal group at the same period. The level of serum LncRNA TapSAKI was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR), the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The prognosis of patients with renal calculi undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was analyzed. The serum levels of LncRNA TapSAKI, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in two groups with different prognosis were compared. The correlations between level of serum LncRNA TapSAKI and the levels of MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α in patients with renal calculi were analyzed. The influencing factors of prognosis of renal calculi were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Results The levels of serum LncRNA TapSAKI, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in renal calculi group were significantly higher than those in normal group(all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse complications was 23.6%(34/144). The levels of serum LncRNA TapSAKI, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(all P<0.05). The serum LncRNA TapSAKI was positively correlated with MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in patients with renal calculi(all P<0.05). The LncRNA TapSAKI, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with renal calculi(all P<0.05). Conclusion LncRNA TapSAKI is highly expressed in the serum of patients with renal calculi, high level of LncRNA TapSAKI may be a poor prognostic factor for patients with renal calculi, and can be used as a reference index for evaluating the prognosis of renal calculi.