Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of early cognitive dysfunction in critically ill patients after ICU. Methods Total 165 critically ill patients discharged or transferred out of Bozhou people's hospital after receiving treatment in ICU from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected. They were divided into group A(no cognitive dysfunction, 135 cases) and group B(cognitive dysfunction, 30 cases) according to whether there was cognitive dysfunction. The basic data of the two groups were collected. The influencing factors of early cognitive impairment in post-intensive care patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results The incidence of early cognitive impairment in post-intensive care patients was 18.18%(30/165). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the age(OR=1.187, 95% CI:1.085-1.299, P<0.001), acute physiological health score-Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) maximum score in the course of disease(OR=1.392, 95% CI:1.170-1.657, P<0.001), ICU stay time(OR=1.089, 95% CI:1.016-1.166, P<0.001) were risk factors for cognitive impairment in post-intensive care patients. The no delirium(OR=0.209, 95% CI:0.054-0.803, P=0.023) was negatively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion The age, APACHEⅡ maximum score in the course of disease, ICU stay time are the main influencing factors of early cognitive dysfunction(within 3 months) in post-intensive care patients. The no delirium is its protective factor. Clinicians should pay attention to the influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction and reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment in post-intensive care patients.