Abstract: Objective To study the correlation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) and encephalopathy of prematurity(EOP) in premature infants,and to provide the theoretical basis for clinical evaluation of prognosis and appropriate intervention measures. Methods From February 2014 to February 2018, 124 preterm infants with BPD in intensive care unit of children affiliated to Zhengzhou University were chosen,248 patients without BPD were assigned into the control group. The head magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed at the corrected gestational age of 37-42 weeks. The incidence and imaging characteristics of EOP in the two groups were analyzed. Results Forty cases(32.2%) of late-onset sepsis occurred in BPD group, which was significantly higher than that of 42 cases in control group(16.9%),P<0.05. EOP occurred in 41 premature infants(33.1%) in BPD group, which was significantly higher than that in control group(16.1%), P<0.001. There were 17 cases(20.2%) of EOP in 84 cases of mild BPD and 24 cases(60%) of EOP in 40 cases of moderate and severe BPD. The incidence rate of EOP in moderate and severe BPD group was significantly higher than that in mild BPD group(P<0.001). The incidence rate of white matter injury in EOP in BPD group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion BPD and EOP may be correlated in preterm infants. Infection is a risk factor of EOP for premature infants with BPD,and surveillance of infection and follow-up evaluation of nervous system should be strengthened.