Abstract: Objective To explore the necessity of acid suppressive drugs therapy and the recurrence of vocal leukoplakia in patients with leukoplakia of vocal cord. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with leukoplakia of vocal cord were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were treated with leukoplakia of vocal cord under fiber support laryngoscope. According to whether to carry on the acid suppression therapy, the patients were divided into observation group(28 cases, given rabeprazole enteric coated capsule acid suppression treatment and postoperative routine treatment) and control group(72 cases, given postoperative routine treatment). Before and after treatment, the patients were assessed by electronic laryngoscopy, voice disorder index-10(VHI-10), reflux symptom index(RSI) and reflux finding score(RFs). The therapeutic effect of the two groups, the results of VHI-10 scale, RSI scale and RFs scale before and after treatment, and the recurrence rate after treatment(half a year) were compared. Results The electronic laryngoscope was reexamined in two groups, and their leukoplakia of vocal cord disappeared completely and were cured. After treatment, the scores of RFS in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the scores in the observation group had more significant than those in the control group(all P<0.05). Half a year after treatment, the difference of the total recurrence rate of vocal leukoplakia in the two groups has no statistically significant(χ²=0.004, P>0.05). Conclusion Acid suppression therapy with proton pump inhibitor can reduce the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, reduce the the scores of RFS.