Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of Wechsler Intelligence Scale in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods From January 2018 to December 2018, 73 preschoolers meeting the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 ADHD were selected from the psychological behavior clinic, and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Fourth Edition (WPPSI-Ⅳ) was adopted for testing. Results There were significant differences in scores of each subscale among preschool ADHD children (F=4.770, P=0.001), among which the score of visual space was higher than that of other subscales, while the score of processing speed was lower than that of language comprehension, visual space and working memory, showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The non-verbal index of preschool ADHD children was lower than the verbal reception index (t=2.342, P=0.021), and the cognitive efficiency index was lower than the general ability index (t=2.339, P=0.021), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There were differences in the scores of the whole scale among different types of ADHD. The standard score of the whole scale for children with attention deficit type was lower than that for children with hyperactivity impulse type and mixed type (P<0.05). Conclusion Preschoolers with ADHD have certain visual cognitive advantages and cognitive inefficiencies. Through the analysis of WPPSI-Ⅳ, the cognitive development status of children can be understood, so as to carry out targeted cognitive behavior intervention training and provide some help for behavioral therapy.