Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of dual problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture based learning (LBL) teaching method on the teaching quality of pediatric interns and to provide strategic basis for training more professional medical personnel. Methods A total of 83 pediatric interns from January 2018 to September 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were selected as the study objects. According to the principle of random distribution, the interns were divided into study group (n=44) and control group (n=39). The study group received PBL combined with LBL dual track teaching, and the control group received LBL teaching. At the time of graduation, the scores of assessments (theory score, operation score, comprehensive ability score), total score of teaching effect and satisfaction of teaching method were compared. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of theoretical knowledge, basic operation and comprehensive performance of pediatric specialty in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The interns of the research group thought that the dual track teaching was more conducive to the systematic and comprehensive mastery of knowledge, the cultivation of independent thinking and self-study ability, the active and attractive classroom atmosphere, the improvement of language organization and expression and self-confidence, the mastery and memory of knowledge, the strengthening of paediatric work flow, the increase of learning pressure and the improvement of practical operation ability. The total score of the research group teaching effect and the implementation of teaching related content The score of international application effect and teaching satisfaction were higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The combination mode could cultivate the judgment thinking and clinical ability of the interns, effectively stimulate the spontaneous learning motivation of the interns, improve the communication ability, and cultivate the communication and cooperation ability. Conclusion PBL combined with LBL dual track teaching can improve the teaching quality of paediatric interns, help them master the relevant theoretical knowledge and skilled in various operations, play a positive role in training better talents, and be easily accepted by interns.