Abstract: Objective To investigate the Helicobacter pylori infection among residents in central and southern area of Anhui province, to explore the risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, and to guide the early prevention and intervention of Helicobacter pylori infection in local population. Methods After signing the informed consent, all the subjects will conduct the investigation with a unified questionnaire. After the end of the questionnaire, the ¹⁴C urea breath test was used to evaluate the infection status, analyze the test results, and analyze some related factors by using the questionnaire survey. The SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used to explore the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection in the region. Results A total of 1 536 people were surveyed. The results showed that the Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 63.2%(970/1 536) in central and southern area of Anhui province, Helicobacter pylori infection and age(χ²=70.886, P<0.001),education(χ²=29.754, P<0.001), sleep quality(χ²=136.339, P<0.001), eating beans and products(χ²=89.114, P<0.001), and eating Fruit and Vegetables(χ²=91.919, P<0.001),Alcohol consumption(χ²=266.436, P<0.001), drinking strong tea(χ²=86.956, P<0.001), and pickled food consumption(χ²=215.677, P<0.001) were related. Conclusion The infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in the central and southern area of Anhui is higher than the national average. The infection of Helicobacter pylori is related to demographic characteristics, personal living habits and personal eating habits. Among them, higher cultural education, better quality of sleep, eating beans and their products, eating fruits and vegetables, drinking strong tea, etc. are protective factors for Helicobacter pylori infection, and the cultural level is low, poor sleep, drinking and eating preserved foods is a risk factor for Helicobacter Pylori infection.