Abstract: Objective Anemia is a global public health problem, especially in low-and middle-income countries, which imposes a heavy economic burden on patients' families and society. We conducted this study to understand the prevalence of anemia in population of health examination in Beijing in 2018 and analyze the factors association with anemia to provide reference for the prevention and management for patients with anemia. Methods The health examination population at the Beijing Municipal Medical Examination Center from June to September in 2018 were selected as subjects. Subjects were selected for on-site investigation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main contents of the survey included the demographic characteristics and living habits of the subjects, and the results of their physical examination were collected. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of anemia. Results The prevalence of anemia was 1.8%(163/8 913), 3.8% in the female, and 0.3% in the male. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and uric acid were the influencing factors of anemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender and age were positively correlated with anemia, with the OR(95% CI) of 6.405(3.260-12.583) and 1.019(1.004-1.035), respectively. Total cholesterol levels and uric acid levels were negatively correlated with anemia, with the OR(95% CI) of 0.316(0.175-0.569) and 0.994(0.991-0.997), respectively. Conclusion Females, advanced age, total cholesterol and uric acid levels are association with anemia in Beijing's health examination population. Effective interventions for these risk factors play an important role in the prevention and management of anemia.