Abstract: Objective To explore the self-management, self-efficacy and social support of pregnant women during pregnancy, and to provide evidence for effective control of weight gain during pregnancy. Methods A total of 1 041 pregnant women with early pregnancy in a community in Shanghai from January 2017 to April 2018 were selected as the research object. General self-efficacy scale and social support rating scale were conducted in early pregnancy. After delivery, according to the weight gain guidelines of the American Institute of Medicine(IOM), they were divided into two groups:the group with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and the group with normal weight gain. The self-designed questionnaire of weight management in pregnancy was used to investigate and analyze the factors influencing weight growth. Results Total 900 cases were investigated effectively. There were 507 cases(56.3%) with normal weight gain, the score of general self-efficacy scale was 2.83±0.53, and the score of social support rating scale was 36.28±5.23. There were 393 cases(43.7%) with excessive weight gain, the score of general self-efficacy scale was 2.49±0.58, the score of social support rating scale was 34.07±5.80. Logistic regression analysis showed that general self-efficacy, the status of social support, whether the medical examiner was fixed, the degree of cooperation with the guidance of the physicians, the pregnancy week of the cessation of work and age, the level of concern about weight gain by obstetrical physician and pre-pregnancy body mass index were the influencing factors of whether the weight gain was excessive during pregnancy(all P<0.05). Conclusion Community doctors should strengthen the standardized weight management of pregnant women in early pregnancy, and evaluate the general self-efficacy and social support, which can provide basis for effective weight management.