Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of Orem self-care model on female patients with schizophrenia. Methods From July 2018 to July 2019, 85 female schizophrenic patients treated in the mental health center of Seventh People's Hospital of Shaoxing were selected as the research object, and were divided into observation group(43 cases) and control group(42 cases) by random number table method. The control group adopted the conventional management model. The observation group combined the Orem self-care model on the basis of the control group and both were followed up for 6 months to compare the two groups of mental symptoms(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS), social function [social disability screening schedule(SDSS) and activities of daily living(ADL)] and relapse rate. Results There were no statistical difference between the two groups before treatment in terms of population characteristics and various scales(P>0.05). After 6 months, the observation group's PANSS negative scale, general psychopathology scale and total score were(9.27±1.20),(20.84±3.40), and(39.44±4.35), which were lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(t=12.152, 13.832, 17.265, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups of positive scales(t=0.922, P>0.05). The SDSS and ADL of the observation group were(3.27±1.13) and(4.68±1.27) respectively, and the above scales of the control group were(29.84±3.10) points and(23.40±2.77) points, respectively. The differences were statistically significant(t=5.411, 10.091, respectively, P<0.05). The cumulative recurrence rate in the observation group at 6 months was 16.28%(7/43) and that in the control group was 35.71%(15/42), the difference was statistically significant(χ²=4.184, P=0.041). Conclusion The Orem self-care model reduces mental symptoms, improves social ability, and reduces rehospitalization or recurrence by strengthening the self-care ability of female schizophrenia.