Abstract: Objective To observe clinical effects of information-knowledge-attitude-practice(IKAP) mode health education on improving treatment compliance and quality of life in patients undergoing blood purification after vascular access establishment. Methods Total 120 patients who underwent regular blood purification in the hospital from May 2018 to February 2019 were divided into IKAP group(78 cases) and control group(42 cases) according to different health education methods. The control group underwent routine health education. On this basis, IKAP group underwent IKAP mode health education. After intervention, self-designed questionnaire, exercise of self-care agency scale(ESCA) and short-form-36 health survey(SF-36) were applied to assess treatment compliance, self-care ability and quality of life. The incidence of complications was statistically analyzed. Results After intervention, the cooperation degree of treatment compliance such as self-warming, no weight-bearing and no oppression, complying with treatment regimen, regular hand care exercises, timed blood pressure measuring and protecting vascular access of the IKAP group was better than that of the control group, and the scores of self-concept, self-care responsibility, self-care skills and health knowledge level of ESCA in the IKAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). Within 6 months after intervention, the incidence of complications in the IKAP group was significantly lower than that in the control group(8.97% vs. 23.81%). At 6 months after intervention, the scores of physiological function, physical pain, vitality, social function, emotional function and mental health in SF-36 questionnaire in the IKAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing blood purification, IKAP mode health education can effectively improve treatment compliance after vascular access establishment, improve self-care ability, reduce incidence of complications and improve quality of life.