三叉神经痛颅外射频热凝舒适化治疗的流程与监护管理

陈栋樑; 仲俊峰; 黄兵; 张利; 任小妹; 姚明; 邓甲甲

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.001751

三叉神经痛颅外射频热凝舒适化治疗的流程与监护管理

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.001751

1.
绍兴市人民医院疼痛科，浙江绍兴 312000
2.
嘉兴市第一医院疼痛科, 浙江嘉兴 314000

基金项目:

浙江省医药卫生平台计划项目 2016ZDA018

浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目 2019ZH046

嘉兴市重点科技项目 2018AY32010

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄兵，E-mail：jxhb999@sina.com

中图分类号: R747.2 R454
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-19

Procedure and monitoring management of extracranial radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia

1.
Department of Pain Medicine, The The First Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过比较颅外非半月节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛时局部麻醉与全凭静脉麻醉镇静镇痛效果, 以遴选最佳舒适化医疗流程与监护管理措施。方法将2018年1—10月从本课题组收治并确诊的150例三叉神经痛患者用随机数字表法随机分成甲、乙、丙3组, 每组各50例: 甲组除穿刺点局部麻醉外不再作任何麻醉干预; 乙、丙2组先静脉注射右美托咪啶0.3 μg/kg, 待穿刺成功电生理确认无误后, 乙组经射频针注入2%利多卡因0.5 mL, 5 min后开始射频热治疗; 丙组静脉注入丙泊酚1.0~1.5 mg/kg, 待患者入睡后再行射频治疗。根据术中血压、心率、血氧饱和度监测值变化给予乌拉地尔、麻黄碱、阿托品等相应血管活性药物以维持循环稳定。记录患者血压、心率及氧饱和度值及术中各药物用量, 以及术中并发症、术后近期疗效和患者满意度。结果甲组治疗期间血压、心率值均显著高于基础值, 且在穿刺操作(T1)和射频第60 s(T2)时点, 甲组血压、心率值与乙、丙2组升高, 差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。甲组治疗期间有68%的患者需用血管活性药控制血压, 舒适化满意度丙组显著高于甲、乙2组(均P < 0.05)。结论颅外非半月节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛时穿刺前给予右美托咪啶, 射频前静注适量丙泊酚可提高射频治疗的舒适度和满意度, 且不影响近期疗效判断, 但需吸氧、监护, 必要时使用血管活性药物维持循环稳定以策安全。
- 三叉神经痛 /
- 射频热凝 /
- 颅外非半月节
Abstract: Objective By comparing the effects of local anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by extracranial non-Gasserian ganglia radiofrequency thermocoagulation, the optimal comfortable medical process and monitoring management measures were selected. Methods A total of 150 patients with trigeminal neuralgia scheduled for radiofrequency thermocoagulation of extracranial non-Gasserian ganglia were randomly divided into three groups with random number table method: group A received no anesthetic intervention except local anesthesia at puncture point; The others received intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine (0.3 μg/kg), after electrophysiological tests were correct, group B received injection of 2% lidocaine 0.5 mL through radiofrequency needle; In group C, propofol was injected intravenously 1.0-1.5 mg/kg. Then radiofrequency therapy was performed after patients fell asleep. The corresponding vasoactive drugs such as urapidil, ephedrine and atropine were given to maintain circulation stability according to the changes of blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation during operation. The blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, intraoperative dosage of drugs, intraoperative complications, short-term efficacy and patient satisfaction were recorded. Results Blood pressure and heart rate in group A were significantly higher than the baseline values during treatment, and at T1 (Puncture operation) and T2 (radiofrequency thermocoagulation 60 s), blood pressure and heart rate in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and C (all P < 0.05), respectively. 68% of patients in group A needed vasoactive drugs to control blood pressure during treatment, and comfort satisfaction in group C was significantly higher than those in group A and B (all P < 0.05). Conclusion When patients with trigeminal neuralgia are treated with extracranial radiofrequency thermocoagulation, dexmedetomidine injection before puncture and propofol injection before radiofrequency can greatly improve the comfort and satisfaction of radiofrequency therapy, without affecting the short-term efficacy judgement, but they need oxygen inhalation and monitoring, and use vasoactive drugs to maintain circulation stability when necessary to ensure safety.
- Trigeminal neuralgia /
- Radiofrequency thermocoagulation /
- Extracranial non-gasserian ganglia

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表 1 3组三叉神经痛患者的一般情况对比

组别	例数	性别(男/女，例)	年龄(x±s，岁)	侧别(左/右，例)	支别(Ⅴ1/Ⅴ2/Ⅴ3，例)	病程(x±s，月)	疼痛程度评分(x±s，分)	合并症(高血压，例)
甲组	50	17/33	68.0±12.8	23/27	8/25/17	30.7±18.4	7.08±1.35	7
乙组	50	19/31	68.0±12.9	16/34	9/24/17	30.9±18.1	7.12±1.27	11
丙组	50	20/30	66.9±14.1	15/35	6/25/19	31.2±18.5	6.90±1.30	9
统计量		0.399^a	0.123^b	3.299^a	2.063^a	0.008^b	0.398^b	0.014^a
P值		0.819	0.885	0.192	0.131	0.992	0.672	0.324
注：^a为χ²值，^b为F值。

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表 2 3组三叉神经痛患者治疗期间血压、心率变化(x ±s)

组别	例数	平均动脉压(mm Hg)			心率(次/min)
组别	例数	基础值	T1	T2	基础值	T1	T2
甲组	50	104.41±5.89	109.24±5.38^a	122.88±13.64^a	76.32±8.83	91.46±13.88^a	95.22±19.34^a
乙组	50	104.64±5.92	103.81±6.35^b	106.44±5.28^b	76.08±9.96	66.94±9.74^b	66.76±9.01^b
丙组	50	104.62±5.46	103.42±4.28^b	99.71±6.09^b	76.10±9.73	67.98±10.95^b	66.24±14.43^b
F值		0.027	18.196	84.926	0.031	78.032	66.857
P值		0.974	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.897	< 0.001	< 0.001
注：T1为穿刺到位时；T2为射频60 s时。与同组基础值比较，^aP < 0.05；与同时间点甲组比较，^bP < 0.05。

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表 3 术中需用药干预的高血压例数、术中术后并发症、疗效及满意度(例)

组别	例数	术中并发症					疗效满意情况			术后24 h舒适化满意度
组别	例数	需用药物干预的高血压例数	面部血肿	恶心呕吐	心梗	脑出血	术毕即刻	术后24 h	术后3个月	术后24 h舒适化满意度
甲组	50	34	15	3	0	0	50	50	50	5
乙组	50	16^a	9^a	5	0	0	50	47	50	11
丙组	50	6^a	9^a	2	0	0	50	50	50	49^ab
χ²值		34.422	2.797	1.500						92.742
P值		< 0.001	0.247	0.472						< 0.001
注：与甲组比较，^aP < 0.05；与乙组比较，^bP < 0.05。

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