Risk factors of cross-infection in orthodontic patients and predictive nursing intervention
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摘要:
目的 分析影响口腔正畸患者发生交叉感染的危险因素并制订相关预见性护理干预措施。 方法 选取2017年3月—2019年12月在诸暨市人民医院接受口腔正畸治疗且出现交叉感染的患者68例作为感染组,并选取同期接受治疗且未发生交叉感染的患者70例作为对照组。分析感染组病原学分布,统计患者一般资料、疾病资料及治疗相关资料中可能导致患者交叉感染发生的相关因素。 结果 感染组患者共检出革兰氏阴性菌134株(79.3%),以伴放线放线杆菌、福赛坦氏菌及牙龈卟啉单胞菌居多,革兰氏阳性菌35株(20.7%),以口腔链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌居多。单因素分析结果显示,2组患者年龄、合并糖尿病、未使用一次性器械、器械消毒不合格、医师操作不规范、医护人员防护意识水平较低及空气和环境消毒不达标等比较差异具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);多因素logistic分析,合并糖尿病、未使用一次性器械、器械消毒不合格、医师操作不规范、医护人员防护意识水平较低及空气和环境消毒不达标是导致口腔正畸患者发生交叉感染的危险因素(均P < 0.05)。 结论 口腔正畸患者交叉感染主要病原菌为革兰氏阴性菌,导致患者发生感染的危险因素较多,应做好预见性护理干预,提高预防意识。 Abstract:Objective To analyse the risk factors of cross-infection in orthodontic patients and to develop relevant predictive nursing intervention measures. Methods A total of 68 patients with cross-infection who received orthodontic treatment in our hospital from March 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the infection group, and 70 patients without cross-infection in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The etiological distribution of infection group was analysed, and the related factors that may lead to cross-infection in patients with general information, disease data, and treatment related data were counted. Results A total of 134 strains of gram-negative bacteria (79.3%) were detected in the infection group. Most of them were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fossett's bacteria, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. A total of 35 strains (20.7%) were gram-positive bacteria. Most of them were oral Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age, diabetes mellitus, non-use of disposable instruments, unqualified disinfection of instruments, nonstandard operation of doctors, low level of protection awareness of medical staff, and substandard disinfection of air and environment between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, diabetes mellitus, and non-use of disposable instruments and devices. The risk factors of cross-infection in orthodontic patients were as follows: unqualified mechanical disinfection, nonstandard operation of doctors and nurses, low level of protection awareness of medical staff, and substandard air and environment disinfection (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The main pathogen of cross-infection in orthodontic patients is gram-negative bacteria. Many risk factors lead to infection in patients. Predictive nursing intervention should be performed to improve prevention awareness. -
Key words:
- Orthodontics /
- Cross-infection /
- Risk factors /
- Predictive care
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表 1 感染组患者病原学分布
类型 病原菌 株数 占比(%) 革兰氏阴性菌(n=134) 伴放线放线杆菌 35 26.1 福赛坦氏菌 28 20.9 牙龈卟啉单胞菌 21 15.7 肺炎克雷伯菌 10 7.5 粘性放线菌 14 10.4 铜绿假单胞菌 12 9.0 大肠埃希菌 11 8.2 其他 3 2.2 革兰氏阳性菌(n=35) 口腔链球菌 11 31.4 金黄色葡萄球菌 8 22.9 表皮葡萄球菌 8 22.9 化脓性链球菌 3 8.6 溶血性链球菌 2 5.7 粪肠球菌 2 5.7 其他 1 2.8 表 2 2组接受口腔正畸治疗的患者交叉感染单因素分析(例)
组别 例数 性别 平均年龄(x±s,岁) BMI(x±s) 合并糖尿病 是否吸烟 是否饮酒 是否使用一次性器械 男性 女性 是 否 是 否 是 否 是 否 对照组 70 36 34 42.71±15.63 21.51±6.77 17 53 34 36 22 48 68 2 感染组 68 37 31 51.83±16.45 21.83±5.20 31 37 30 38 19 49 25 43 统计量 0.123a 11.213b 0.311b 4.049a 0.275a 0.201a 57.220a P值 0.726 <0.001 0.756 0.044 0.600 0.654 <0.001 组别 例数 器械消毒情况 医师操作 医护人员防护意识水平 抗生素使用情况 空气、环境消毒情况 合格 不合格 规范 不规范 高 低 是 否 合格 不合格 对照组 70 65 5 58 12 63 7 60 10 66 4 感染组 68 16 52 23 45 44 24 60 8 51 17 统计量 7.179a 5.070a 12.670a 0.193a 9.944a P值 0.007 0.024 <0.001 0.660 0.002 注:a为χ2值,b为t值。 表 3 自变量赋值
自变量 赋值 年龄 ≤60岁=1,>60岁=2 合并糖尿病 否=0,是=1 未使用一次性器械 否=0,是=1 器械消毒不合格 否=0,是=1 医师操作不规范 否=0,是=1 医护人员防护意识水平较低 否=0,是=1 空气和环境消毒不达标 否=0,是=1 表 4 2组接受口腔正确治疗的患者交叉感染多因素分析
变量 B SE Wald χ2 P值 OR值 95% CI 合并糖尿病 3.911 1.083 12.982 < 0.001 3.020 1.122~6.169 未使用一次性器械 3.504 0.984 5.273 0.002 2.672 0.243~11.509 器械消毒不合格 3.212 1.230 4.787 0.009 9.667 2.212~24.007 医师操作不规范 3.151 1.150 8.761 <0.001 4.320 2.034~17.042 医护人员防护意识水平低 4.959 1.481 3.210 0.011 0.915 0.011~5.343 空气和环境消毒不达标 3.751 1.262 6.950 0.003 5.665 3.678~11.390 常量 2.233 0.852 6.133 0.013 9.330 -
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