Effect of pelvic floor rehabilitation on pelvic floor function after total laparoscopic hysterectomy
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摘要:
目的 探讨盆底肌锻炼(pelvic floor muscle training,PFMT)联合生物反馈电刺激对腹腔镜全子宫切除术后患者盆底肌功能和生命质量的影响。 方法 选取2017年1月—2018年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院因非脱垂子宫良性疾病接受腹腔镜全子宫切除术的患者60例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采取PFMT,试验组采取生物反馈电刺激联合PFMT,采用会阴肌力测试法、盆底肌电值参数对术后3、6和12个月的盆底功能进行评估,观察比较不同治疗时间段出现下尿路及肠道症状情况,采用盆底功能影响调查问卷(PFIQ-7)与盆腔脏器脱垂/尿失禁性功能问卷(PISQ-12)评估2组患者的生命质量。 结果 试验组与对照组比较,一类、二类肌力OR值分别为2.962、2.636;术后3、6和12个月快慢肌比较,P时间<0.001、P组间=0.003、P交互=0.001;P时间<0.001、P组间=0.033、P交互=0.024;P时间<0.001、P组间=0.001、P交互=0.011。2组患者术后6、12个月出现下尿路及肠道症状情况较术后3个月减少,试验组此类症状和生活质量改善效果均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。 结论 腹腔镜全子宫切除术后患者实施合理的盆底康复治疗能够有效预防和改善盆底肌功能状态,提升其生活幸福感, 生物反馈电刺激联合PFMT治疗效果更佳, 值得临床推广。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation on pelvic floor muscle function and quality of life after laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018 for non-prolapsed benign uterine diseases were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. Each group had 30 patients. The control group was treated with PFMT, whereas the experimental group was treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with PFMT. A perineal muscle testing method was used, and pelvic floor muscle electric parameter was measured 3 months after surgery and 6 months and 12 months after the postoperative evaluation of pelvic floor function. Treatment times for urinary and bowel symptoms were compared using pelvic floor functional impact survey questionnaire (PFIQ-7) with pelvic organ prolapse/incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ-12), and the quality of life of patients in both groups were evaluated. Results The OR values for muscle strength of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ were 2.962 and 2.636, respectively. The P time/group/interaction values of slow and fast muscles were < 0.001/0.033/0.024, < 0.001/0.001/0.011 and < 0.001/0.003/0.001. The symptoms of lower urinary tract and intestinal tract in the two groups decreased 6 and 12 months after surgery, compared with those 3 months after surgery, and the improvement of symptoms and quality of life in the experimental group were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Reasonable pelvic floor rehabilitation therapy after laparoscopic total hysterectomy can effectively prevent and improve the functional status of the pelvic floor muscle and enhance quality of life. Pelvic floor muscle exercise combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation has a good therapeutic effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion. -
表 1 2组腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者一般资料比较(x ±s)
组别 例数 年龄(岁) BMI 孕次 分娩方式(次) 受教育年限(年) 顺产 剖宫产 试验组 30 52.33±4.09 24.21±1.17 3.60±0.72 1.60±0.50 0.60±0.50 4.33±2.11 对照组 30 51.77±4.16 24.81±1.73 3.70±0.84 1.57±0.57 0.67±0.61 4.17±1.86 t值 0.532 -1.587 -0.495 0.242 -0.465 0.325 P值 0.597 0.118 0.622 0.810 0.644 0.746 注:对照组采用盆底肌锻炼(PFMT)治疗;试验组采用生物反馈电刺激+PFMT治疗。 表 2 广义估计方程的参数估计
参数 B SE Wald χ2 P值 OR值 95% CI 一类肌 常数 -4.757 1.010 22.205 <0.001 0.009 -6.736~-2.778 Time1 5.482 1.021 28.860 <0.001 240.443 3.482~7.438 Time2 4.286 1.003 18.256 <0.001 72.661 2.320~6.252 Time3 0.000a 1.000 试验组=0 1.086 0.502 4.683 0.030 2.962 0.102~2.069 对照组=1 0.000a 1.000 二类肌 常数 -3.958 0.697 32.294 <0.001 0.019 -5.323~-2.593 Time1 3.903 0.706 30.604 <0.001 49.547 2.520~5.286 Time2 2.741 0.690 15.796 <0.001 15.499 1.389~4.092 Time3 0.000a 1.000 试验组=0 0.969 0.481 4.058 0.044 2.636 0.026~1.912 对照组=1 0.000a 1.000 注:time1表示术后12个月,time2表示术后6个月,time3表示术后3个月; a表示参考值。 表 3 2组患者治疗前后肌电值比较(x ±s,μV)
组别 例数 快肌收缩最大值 10 s慢肌收缩平均值 60 s慢肌收缩平均值 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 试验组 30 19.65±4.77 23.36±5.47a 27.58±6.54ab 11.06±3.62 15.07±3.75a 17.96±3.10ab 8.58±2.09 11.30±2.77a 13.37±2.02ab 对照组 30 17.61±3.06 20.43±3.36a 21.83±2.98ab 10.40±2.25 13.51±3.25a 15.48±1.62ab 8.67±2.29 9.81±1.42a 11.06±2.12ab t值 1.969 5.026 4.377 0.858 3.711 3.881 -0.159 2.614 4.308 P值 0.055 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.395 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.874 0.012 < 0.001 注:与术后3个月比较,aP < 0.05;与术后6个月比较,bP < 0.05。快肌收缩最大值比较,F时间=60.187、P时间<0.001,F组间=6.107、P组间=0.003、F交互=13.020、P交互=0.001;10 s慢肌收缩平均值比较,F时间=155.816、P时间<0.001,F组间=3.529、P组间=0.033,F交互=5.395、P交互=0.024;60 s慢肌收缩平均值比较,F时间=98.186、P时间<0.001,F组间=11.234、P组间=0.001,F交互=6.847、P 交互=0.011。 表 4 2组患者治疗前后下尿路及肠道症状比较(例)
组别 例数 储尿功能障碍 尿频 尿急 压力性尿失禁 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 试验组 30 18 8 5 8 5 0 13 4 1 18 5 2 对照组 30 19 16 12 8 12 5 15 11 6 20 13 8 χ2值 0.071 4.444 4.022 4.022 5.455 0.268 4.356 4.043 0.287 5.079 4.320 P值 0.791 0.035 0.045 0.045 0.020 0.605 0.037 0.044 0.592 0.024 0.038 组别 例数 排尿功能障碍 尿不尽感 排尿困难 便急 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 试验组 30 16 7 1 14 5 0 11 4 0 6 2 0 对照组 30 17 15 7 15 12 7 12 12 5 7 8 4 χ2值 0.067 4.593 5.192 0.067 4.022 7.925 0.071 5.455 5.455 0.098 4.320 4.286 P值 0.795 0.032 0.023 0.796 0.045 0.005 0.791 0.020 0.020 0.754 0.038 0.038 组别 例数 便失禁 便不尽感 排便困难 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 试验组 30 5 1 0 12 0 0 11 2 0 对照组 30 7 7 4 16 12 6 9 9 5 χ2值 0.417 5.192 4.286 1.071 15.000 6.667 0.300 5.455 5.455 P值 0.519 0.023 0.038 0.301 < 0.001 0.010 0.584 0.020 0.020 表 5 2组患者治疗前后盆底功能和生活质量比较(x ±s,分)
组别 例数 PFIQ-7 PISQ-12 术后3个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 术后6个月 术后12个月 试验组 30 81.59±9.75 57.30±9.48a 38.10±5.45ab 14.73±1.17 11.43±1.43b 对照组 30 80.32±9.25 63.81±8.72a 49.05±8.68ab 16.00±1.86 13.73±1.29b t值 0.518 -2.767 -5.854 -3.159 -6.551 P值 0.606 0.008 < 0.001 0.003 < 0.001 注:与术后3个月比较,aP0.05;与术后6个月比较,bP0.05。PFIQ-7评分比较,F时间=512.987、P时间<0.001,F组间=14.015、P组间<0.001,F交互=9.111、P交互=0.040。 -
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