新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居家隔离者的心理状况调查

周毅江; 李曙光; 莫秋燕; 磨燕; 卢丽明; 秦志明

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002374

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居家隔离者的心理状况调查

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002374

广西医科大学第二附属医院高新工业园区社区卫生服务中心，广西南宁 530007

基金项目:

广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题 Z20200711

详细信息

通讯作者:
周毅江，E-mail: 546516628@qq.com

中图分类号: R395.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-13

Mental health status of home isolation people during the prevalence of COVID-19

The Community Health Service Center of Gao Xin Gong Ye Yuan Qu, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居家隔离群众的心理状况和影响因素，了解群众心理需求及干预措施，在突发公卫事件时为群众提供心理干预参考。方法采用方便抽样法，抽取2020年2月1日—3月5日南宁市高新区859名18~80岁居家隔离者行心理问卷调查。采用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验法进行比较，等级资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验，采用logistic逐步回归法筛选心理状况影响因素。结果 832名研究对象中一般居家隔离者有773人，重点居家隔离者有59人。存在焦虑、抑郁和心理压力的重点居家隔离者比例分别为76.27%(45/59)、84.75%(50/59)、84.75%(50/59)，一般居家隔离者比例分别为70.38%(544/773)、76.46%(591/773)、76.46%(591/773)，差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。两类人群最喜欢的心理援助是微信或QQ辅导，最想了解的心理知识是自己如何缓解心理压力。心理状况的影响因素结果显示：女性、入睡困难、维持睡眠困难、早醒是焦虑的危险因素(均P < 0.05)；女性、入睡困难和维持睡眠困难是抑郁的危险因素(均P < 0.05)，与18~39岁年龄组比，40~59岁年龄组不易出现抑郁(OR=0.590, 95% CI：0.420~0.840)；与18~39岁年龄组、教育程度为初中及以下者、入睡困难者比，40~59岁年龄组、硕士及以上者和非入睡困难者不易出现心理压力。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间，居家隔离对群众心理健康有影响，性别和睡眠质量是心理应激反应的重要影响因素，应有针对性地对人群进行心理危机干预。
- 新型冠状病毒肺炎 /
- 居家隔离群众 /
- 心理状况 /
- 心理干预
Abstract: Objective To explore the mental health status and influencing factors of home isolation people during the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and understand the mental health needs and appropriate interventions to provide psychological intervention for the masses in public health emergencies. Methods Using convenience sampling, 859 home isolation people aged 18-80 years old were surveyed using a questionnaire. Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare between groups, and stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the factors influencing mental health status. Results A total of 832 subjects were included, including 773 general home isolation people and 59 key home isolation people. The proportions of anxiety, depression and stress were 76.27% (45/59), 84.75% (50/59) and 84.75% (50/59) among the key home isolation people and 70.38% (544/773), 76.46% (591/773) and 74.46% (591/773) among the general home isolation people, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The most preferred psychological assistance of the two groups was WeChat or QQ counselling and how to ease psychological stress. Stepwise multiple logistic regression showed that female, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep and early waking were risk factors for anxiety (all P < 0.05). Female, difficulty falling asleep and difficulty maintaining sleep were risk factors for depression (all P < 0.05). Compared with the 18-39 age group, the 40-59 age group was less prone to depression (OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.420-0.840). Compared with those in the 18-39 age group, those with junior high school education and below and those who have difficulty falling asleep, those in the 40-59 age group, those with a master's degree and above and those who have difficulty falling asleep were less likely to experience psychological stress. Conclusion During the prevalence of COVID-19, large-scale isolation measures have a large impact on the mental health of the people. Gender and sleeping quality are important factors influencing psychological stress, and psychological crisis intervention should be targeted to the population.
- Coronavirus disease 2019 /
- Home isolation people /
- Mental health /
- Psychological intervention

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表 1 不同居家隔离者基本特征比较[例(%)]

Table 1. Comparison of basic characteristics of different home-isolated persons[cases (%)]

项目	一般居家隔离者 (773例)	重点居家隔离者 (59例)	统计量	P值
年龄(岁)			-2.708^a	0.007
18~39	431(55.76)	43(72.88)
40~59	306(39.59)	16(27.12)
≥60	36(4.65)	0
性别			0.328^b	0.567
男性	315(40.75)	22(37.29)
女性	458(59.25)	27(32.71)
教育程度			-0.463^a	0.643
初中及以下	55(7.12)	5(8.47)
高中/中专	151(19.53)	8(13.56)
本科/大专	461(59.64)	38(64.41)
硕士及以上	106(13.71)	8(13.56)
婚姻状况			4.262^b	0.119
未婚	157(20.31)	8(13.56)
已婚	587(75.94)	51(86.44)
离异或丧偶	29(3.75)	0
年收入(万元)			-0.846^a	0.398
＜1	186(24.06)	8(13.56)
1~＜3	121(15.65)	13(22.04)
3~＜5	122(15.78)	11(18.64)
≥5	344(45.51)	27(45.76)
入睡困难			2.660^b	0.103
否	451(58.34)	28(47.46)
是	322(41.66)	31(52.54)
维持睡眠困难			5.214^b	0.022
否	519(67.14)	31(52.54)
是	254(32.86)	28(47.46)
早醒			0.492^b	0.279
否	469(60.67)	33(55.93)
是	304(39.33)	26(44.07)
心理援助需求			1.098^b	0.295
否	498(64.42)	34(57.63)
是	275(35.58)	25(42.37)
注：^a为Z值，^b为χ²值。

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表 2 不同居家隔离者心理应激状态比较[例(%)]

Table 2. Comparison of psychological stress state among different home-isolated persons[cases (%)]

组别	例数	焦虑	抑郁	心理压力
一般居家隔离者	773	544(70.38)	591(76.46)	591(76.46)
重点居家隔离者	59	45(76.27)	50(84.75)	50(84.75)
χ²值		0.922	2.130	2.130
P值		0.337	0.144	0.144

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表 3 不同居家隔离者心理援助方式和心理知识需求情况[例(%)]

Table 3. The need for psychological assistance and psychological knowledge of home-isolated persons[cases (%)]

项目	类别	一般居家隔离者 (275例)	重点居家隔离者 (25例)
心理援助方式	1.热线电话	76(27.64)	11(44.00)
	2.微信或QQ群辅导	166(60.36)	16(64.00)
	3.公众号宣传	123(44.73)	10(40.00)
	4.电视、广播的宣传	133(48.36)	12(48.00)
	5.收到关于心理方面的资料	75(27.27)	9(36.00)
	6.视频心理辅导	71(25.82)	6(24.00)
	7.面对面心理辅导	56(20.36)	7(28.00)
	8.做好防护的团体心理辅导	77(28.00)	10(40.00)
心理知识需求	1.常见的心理反应	149(54.18)	17(68.00)
	2.自己应该如何缓解心理反应	199(72.36)	19(76.00)
	3.如何帮助别人缓解心理反应	124(45.09)	14(56.00)
	4.如何寻求专业心理咨询人员的帮助	99(36.00)	10(40.00)
	5.不感兴趣	18(6.55)	1(4.00)

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表 4 变量赋值表

Table 4. Table of variable assignments

变量	赋值方法
年龄	0=18~39岁，1=40~59岁，2=≥60岁
性别	0=男性，1=女性
教育程度	0=初中及以下，1=高中/中专，2=本科/大专，3=硕士及以上
婚姻状况	以哑变量赋值
年收入	0=＜1万元，1=1~＜3万元，2=3~＜5万元，3=≥5万元
入睡困难	0=否，1=是
维持睡眠困难	0=否，1=是
早醒	0=否，1=是
人群分类	0=一般居家隔离者, 1=重点居家隔离者
焦虑	0=否，1=是
抑郁	0=否，1=是
心理压力	0=否，1=是

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表 5 心理应激状态影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析结果

Table 5. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of psychological stress

项目	因素	B	SE	Wald χ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
焦虑	性别	0.912	0.423	5.480	＜0.001	2.489	1.796~3.461
	入睡困难	0.723	0.472	3.168	0.002	2.061	1.323~3.234
	维持睡眠困难	0.698	0.542	2.581	0.010	2.010	1.180~3.420
	早醒	0.900	0.510	4.380	＜0.001	2.460	1.651~3.689
抑郁	年龄	-0.528	0.110	-2.960	0.003	0.590	0.420~0.840
	性别	0.432	0.270	2.480	0.013	1.540	1.090~2.171
	入睡困难	0.476	0.381	2.001	0.046	1.610	1.010~2.570
	维持睡眠困难	1.541	1.422	5.080	＜0.001	4.670	2.580~8.471
心理压力	年龄	-0.511	0.089	-3.240	0.001	0.600	0.453~0.824
	教育程度	-0.478	0.133	-2.290	0.020	0.620	0.411~0.930
	入睡困难	-0.755	0.071	-5.071	＜0.001	0.471	0.345~0.630

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