社区老年人体力活动不足现状及其影响因素分析

蔡维维; 谢晖; 王飞; 张蕊馨

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002550

社区老年人体力活动不足现状及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002550

蔡维维¹,
谢晖^1, ,,
王飞²,
张蕊馨¹

1.
蚌埠医学院护理学院，安徽蚌埠 233030
2.
蚌埠市第三人民医院护理部，安徽蚌埠 233099

基金项目:

安徽省科技重大专项 18030801133

详细信息

通讯作者:
谢晖, E-mail: hui2122@sina.com

中图分类号: R161.7 R492
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- 文章访问数: 351
- HTML全文浏览量: 198
- PDF下载量: 12
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23

Analysis on status and influencing factors of physical inactivity among the elderly in community

1.
School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解社区老年人体力活动不足现状并分析其影响因素，为进一步制定提高该人群体力活动水平的干预方案提供参考依据。方法选取2019年1月—2021年3月在蚌埠市某社区进行健康体征检测的652名老年人作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、国际体力活动问卷(长卷)，测量健康体征相关指标，由经过统一培训的研究生进行健康相关指标的检测和问卷的填写与收集。采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件对数据进行描述性统计、χ²检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、二分类logistic回归分析。结果社区老年人群中体力活动不足者占35.7%(233名)，体力活动总量为(418.04±139.74)METs-min/周。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄(P＜0.001)、性别(P=0.017)、文化程度(P＜0.001)、BMI(P=0.015)、慢性病共病(P=0.012)、骨密度(P=0.010)、动脉硬化(P=0.012)、吸烟(P=0.013)是社区老年人体力活动不足的主要影响因素。结论社区医护人员应加强对高龄、男性、文化水平低、超重、慢性病共病、骨密度异常、有动脉硬化以及吸烟的老年人群进行运动促进健康的健康教育与指导，减少社区老年人体力活动不足的发生，培养其规律的体力活动习惯，从而改善老年人的生活质量。
- 老年人 /
- 体力活动不足 /
- 影响因素 /
- 社区护理
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of physical inactivity of the elderly in community, analyze its influencing factors, and provide reference for the further intervention strategy to improve the level of physical activity of elderly population. Methods Total 652 elderly people from a community health in Bengbu signs detection from January 2019 to March 2021 were collected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire (long) and related indicators measuring health signs were performed by a unified training of graduate students of health indicators testing. The SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistics, χ² test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and binary Logistic regression analysis. Results Results showed that 35.7% of the elderly people in the community (233) were physically inactive, and the total amount of physical activity was (418.04±139.74) METs-min/week. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors including age (P < 0.001), gender (P=0.017), education level (P < 0.001), BMI (P=0.015), chronic diseases comorbidities (P=0.012), bone mineral density (P=0.010), arteriosclerosis (P=0.012) and smoking (P=0.013) mainly influenced the physical inactivity of the elderly in the community. Conclusion Community workers for health management should strengthen related health education and guidance for the elderly especially the male elderly with low cultural level, overweight, chronic diseases comorbidities, abnormal bone mineral density, a hardening of the arteries, and smoking habit, which contributes to cultivate their regular physical activity habits and improve the quality of life of the elderly.
- Elderly /
- Physical inactivity /
- Influencing factors /
- Community nursing

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表 1 社区老年人基本资料比较

Table 1. Comparison of basic information on the elderly in community

项目	总体(n=652)	体力活动不足(n=233)	体力活动充足(n=419)	统计量	P值
年龄(x±s，岁)	70.02±6.18	71.24±6.44	69.34±5.92	3.805^a	＜0.001
性别[例(%)]				7.162^b	0.008
男	282(43.3)	117(41.5)	165(58.5)
女	370(56.7)	116(31.4)	254(68.6)
文化程度[例(%)]				19.605^c	＜0.001
小学及以下	185(28.4)	81(43.8)	104(56.2)
初中及高中	362(55.5)	133(36.7)	229(63.3)
专科及以上	105(16.1)	19(18.1)	86(81.9)
慢性病共病[例(%)]	176(27.0)	87(49.4)	89(50.6)	19.690^b	＜0.001
吸烟[例(%)]	95(14.6)	46(48.4)	49(51.6)	7.791^b	0.005
饮酒[例(%)]	93(14.3)	40(43.0)	53(57.0)	2.500^b	0.114
BMI(x±s)	24.75±3.83	25.32±3.58	24.43±3.93	2.838^a	0.005
T值(x±s)	-1.15±1.04	-1.29±1.02	-1.07±1.05	-2.657^a	0.008
PP(x±s，mm Hg)	55.11±13.14	55.23±13.41	55.05±13.01	0.167^a	0.867
CAP(x±s，mm Hg)	120.77±16.24	121.27±15.64	120.50±16.57	0.580^a	0.562
ABI(x±s)	1.19±0.10	1.18±0.11	1.19±0.09	-0.750^a	0.453
baPWV(x±s，m/s)	17.05±2.95	17.51±3.00	16.80±2.89	2.960^a	0.003
ED(x±s，s)	0.41±0.04	0.41±0.04	0.41±0.04	-0.266^a	0.791
SPTI(x±s)	2 782.85±496.33	2 817.03±500.68	2 763.84±493.48	1.312^a	0.190
DPTI(x±s)	3 099.90±638.15	3 168.78±770.08	3 061.60±548.62	2.060^a	0.040
SEVR(x±s)	1.13±0.24	1.12±0.27	1.13±0.23	-0.750^a	0.454
AI(x±s)	0.85±0.12	0.84±0.12	0.85±0.12	-1.127^a	0.260
总体力活动(x±s，METs-min/周)	1 652.67±1 119.82	418.04±139.74	1 390.91±507.93	-28.632^a	＜0.001
注：^a为t值，^b为χ²值，^c为Z值。1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa。

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表 2 变量赋值方法

Table 2. Variable assignment methods

变量	赋值方法
因变量	体力活动不足=0，体力活动充足=1
自变量
性别	男性=0，女性=1
年龄	60~64岁=0，65~69岁=1，70~74岁=2，75岁及以上=3
文化程度	小学及以下=1，初中及高中=2，专科及以上=3
BMI	以实际值赋值
动脉硬化	否=1，有=2
骨密度	正常=1，异常=2
慢性病共病	无=0，有=1
吸烟	从不吸烟、已戒烟=0，吸烟=1
DPTI	以实际值赋值

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表 3 社区老年人体力活动不足的多因素logistic回归分析

Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of physical inactivity among the elderly in community

自变量	B	SE	Wald χ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
女性	-0.453	0.190	5.702	0.017	0.636	0.438~0.922
年龄
65~69岁	1.118	0.285	15.358	＜0.001	3.058	1.748~5.348
70~74岁	0.394	0.229	2.962	0.085	1.482	0.947~2.320
75岁及以上	0.404	0.214	3.542	0.060	1.497	0.983~2.282
文化程度
初中及高中	-1.284	0.298	18.567	＜0.001	0.277	0.154~0.497
专科及以上	-1.032	0.278	13.733	＜0.001	0.356	0.206~0.615
BMI	-0.054	0.022	5.862	0.015	0.947	0.907~0.990
慢性病共病	0.500	0.199	6.332	0.012	1.649	1.117~2.433
吸烟	0.643	0.259	6.193	0.013	1.903	1.146~3.159
骨密度异常	0.461	0.179	6.648	0.010	1.586	1.117~2.251
动脉硬化	0.411	0.163	6.370	0.012	1.509	1.096~2.076
DPTI	0.001	0.001	2.637	0.177	1.000	0.999~1.000

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