郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析

杜文锦; 张秋兴; 张文超; 王思勤

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676

郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676

河南省人民医院，郑州大学人民医院，河南大学人民医院过敏反应科，河南郑州 450003

基金项目:

吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金项目 320.6750.2022-02-7

详细信息

通讯作者:
王思勤, E-mail: wangsiqin273@126.com

中图分类号: R765.21R446.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30

Sensitization patterns of inhaled allergens in adults self-reported allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou area

Department of Allergy, Henan Provincial People' s Hospital, People' s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People' s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)患者吸入过敏原致敏谱，分析不同年龄、性别及年份间阳性致敏原的差异，为AR的临床诊治提供参考。方法采用17种吸入过敏原试剂对2019年1月—2021年12月就诊于河南省人民医院过敏反应科门诊且自报为AR的成人患者2 305例进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test, SPT)，比较不同性别、年龄、年份致敏原分布情况，并对阳性率进行分析。结果 2 305例AR患者SPT阳性率为77.09%，常合并多种过敏原致敏，对4种及以上过敏原阳性者1 137例(49.33%)；过敏原阳性率前5位依次为粉尘螨(42.78%)、户尘螨(38.61%)、梧桐花粉(35.27%)、蒿属花粉(34.27%)、葎草花粉(31.63%)；18~30岁年龄组过敏原SPT阳性检出率达峰值(91.84%)，阳性率随年龄增长而下降；不同性别间粉尘螨、户尘螨、油菜花、葎草花粉SPT阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；2019—2021年室内吸入过敏原粉尘螨、户尘螨阳性率呈逐年升高趋势，季节性吸入过敏原梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。结论 AR患者常合并4种及以上吸入过敏原致敏；18~30岁SPT检出率达峰值；粉尘螨、户尘螨、梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉是郑州地区成人自报AR患者最常见的致敏原。
- 过敏性鼻炎 /
- 吸入过敏原 /
- 皮肤点刺试验 /
- 致敏
Abstract: Objective To investigate the sensitization spectrum of adult self-reported allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Zhengzhou area, analyze the differences of aeroallergen sensitization rates in different age groups, genders and years, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AR. Methods Seventeen kinds of inhaled allergen reagents were used to conduct skin prick test (SPT), which was performed in 2 305 adult self-reported AR patients from January 2019 to December 2021 in Henan Provincial People' s Hospital. The distribution of allergens in different genders, ages and years was compared, and the positive rate was analyzed. Results The positive rate of SPT in 2 305 AR patients was 77.09%, which was often complicated with multiple allergens, among them, 1 137 patients (49.33%) were positive for 4 or more allergens. The top 5 allergen positive rates were pollen of dust mite (42.78%), house dust mite (38.61%), Platanus acerifolia pollen (35.27%), Artemisia pollen (34.27%) and Humulus scandens pollen (31.63%). The SPT positive rate of patients aged 18-30 years was the highest (91.84%), and the positive rate decreased with the increase of age. The positive rate of dust mite, house dust mite, Rape pollen and Humulus scandens pollen were statistically significant differences among different genders (all P < 0.05). From 2019 to 2021, the positive rate of dust mites and house dust mites were increased year by year, while the positive rate of Platanus acerifolia pollen, Artemisia pollen and Humulus scandens pollen were decreased year by year. Conclusion AR patients are more likely to be allergic to 4 or more inhaled allergens. The positive rate of SPT was highest in 18-30 years old. Among the common allergens of self-reported AR in adults in Zhengzhou, dust mite, household dust mite, Platanus acerifolia pollen, Artemisia pollen and Humulus scandens pollen are the most common allergens.
- Allergic rhinitis /
- Inhaled allergen /
- Skin prick test /
- Sensitization

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图 1 不同年龄组吸入过敏原阳性率

Figure 1. Inhalation allergen sensitization in different age group

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图 2 2019—2021年吸入过敏原阳性率变化趋势

Figure 2. Trends in the positive rate of inhaled allergen from 2019 to 2021

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表 1 不同种类吸入过敏原分布情况

Table 1. Distribution of different kinds of inhaled allergen

吸入过敏原	阳性例数	阳性率(%)
粉尘螨	986	42.78
户尘螨	890	38.61
屋尘	657	28.51
狗毛皮屑	511	22.17
猫毛皮屑	530	22.99
蟑螂	540	23.43
蚕丝	337	14.62
黑曲霉	172	7.46
链格孢	200	8.68
枝状枝孢	182	7.89
梧桐花粉	813	35.27
油菜花	683	29.63
杨树花粉	543	23.56
圆柏花粉	708	30.72
蒿属花粉	790	34.27
豚草花粉	704	30.54
葎草花粉	729	31.63
任1项阳性	1 777	77.09
单1过敏原	214	9.28
合并2种过敏原	327	14.19
合并3种过敏原	369	16.01
合并4种及以上过敏原	1 137	49.33

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表 2 不同性别间吸入过敏原SPT阳性情况比较[例(%)]

Table 2. Comparison of SPT positivity of inhaled allergens between different genders[cases(%)]

吸入过敏原	例数	男性(n=1 129)	女性(n=1 176)	χ²值	P值
粉尘螨	986	516(45.70)	470(39.97)	7.748	0.005
户尘螨	890	466(41.28)	424(36.05)	6.624	0.010
屋尘	657	332(29.41)	325(27.63)	0.723	0.395
狗毛皮屑	511	238(21.08)	273(23.21)	1.520	0.218
猫毛皮屑	530	260(23.03)	270(22.96)	0.002	0.968
蟑螂	540	273(24.18)	267(22.70)	0.784	0.376
蚕丝	337	179(15.85)	158(13.44)	2.701	0.100
黑曲霉	172	91(8.06)	81(6.89)	1.147	0.284
链格孢	200	93(8.24)	107(9.10)	0.539	0.463
枝状枝孢	182	95(8.41)	87(7.40)	0.819	0.366
梧桐花粉	813	414(36.67)	399(33.93)	1.896	0.169
油菜花	683	356(31.53)	327(27.81)	3.836	0.047
杨树花粉	543	285(25.24)	258(21.94)	3.165	0.075
圆柏花粉	708	350(31.01)	358(30.44)	0.061	0.805
蒿属花粉	790	397(35.16)	393(33.42)	0.779	0.377
豚草花粉	704	362(32.06)	342(29.08)	2.415	0.120
葎草花粉	729	381(33.75)	348(29.59)	4.598	0.032

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表 3 不同年龄、性别吸入过敏原阳性率(%)

Table 3. Positive rate of inhaled allergens in different age and sex groups(%)

年龄(岁)	性别	例数	粉尘螨	户尘螨	梧桐花粉	蒿属花粉	葎草花粉
18~30	男性	436	48.16	43.43	40.06	38.99	38.76
	女性	434	42.86	41.24	38.25	37.79	32.72
31~40	男性	319	46.73	42.95	37.93	37.62	35.42
	女性	314	40.58	34.08	36.94	35.67	31.53
41~50	男性	199	44.51	42.21	32.16	34.67	33.67
	女性	207	40.13	33.82	31.88	28.50	28.02
51~60	男性	111	38.74	36.04	27.03	25.23	25.23
	女性	154	34.42	29.87	24.03	22.73	16.23
≥61	男性	64	42.19	26.96	29.69	26.56	18.75
	女性	67	29.85	31.34	20.89	23.88	22.39

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