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郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析

杜文锦 张秋兴 张文超 王思勤

杜文锦, 张秋兴, 张文超, 王思勤. 郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(10): 1675-1677. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676
引用本文: 杜文锦, 张秋兴, 张文超, 王思勤. 郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(10): 1675-1677. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676
DU Wen-jin, ZHANG Qiu-xing, ZHANG Wen-chao, WANG Si-qin. Sensitization patterns of inhaled allergens in adults self-reported allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou area[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(10): 1675-1677. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676
Citation: DU Wen-jin, ZHANG Qiu-xing, ZHANG Wen-chao, WANG Si-qin. Sensitization patterns of inhaled allergens in adults self-reported allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou area[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(10): 1675-1677. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676

郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002676
基金项目: 

吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金项目 320.6750.2022-02-7

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    王思勤, E-mail: wangsiqin273@126.com

  • 中图分类号: R765.21R446.9

Sensitization patterns of inhaled allergens in adults self-reported allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou area

  • 摘要:   目的  了解郑州地区成人自报过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)患者吸入过敏原致敏谱,分析不同年龄、性别及年份间阳性致敏原的差异,为AR的临床诊治提供参考。  方法  采用17种吸入过敏原试剂对2019年1月—2021年12月就诊于河南省人民医院过敏反应科门诊且自报为AR的成人患者2 305例进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test, SPT),比较不同性别、年龄、年份致敏原分布情况,并对阳性率进行分析。  结果  2 305例AR患者SPT阳性率为77.09%,常合并多种过敏原致敏,对4种及以上过敏原阳性者1 137例(49.33%);过敏原阳性率前5位依次为粉尘螨(42.78%)、户尘螨(38.61%)、梧桐花粉(35.27%)、蒿属花粉(34.27%)、葎草花粉(31.63%);18~30岁年龄组过敏原SPT阳性检出率达峰值(91.84%),阳性率随年龄增长而下降;不同性别间粉尘螨、户尘螨、油菜花、葎草花粉SPT阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2019—2021年室内吸入过敏原粉尘螨、户尘螨阳性率呈逐年升高趋势,季节性吸入过敏原梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。  结论  AR患者常合并4种及以上吸入过敏原致敏;18~30岁SPT检出率达峰值;粉尘螨、户尘螨、梧桐花粉、蒿属花粉、葎草花粉是郑州地区成人自报AR患者最常见的致敏原。

     

  • 图  1  不同年龄组吸入过敏原阳性率

    Figure  1.  Inhalation allergen sensitization in different age group

    图  2  2019—2021年吸入过敏原阳性率变化趋势

    Figure  2.  Trends in the positive rate of inhaled allergen from 2019 to 2021

    表  1  不同种类吸入过敏原分布情况

    Table  1.   Distribution of different kinds of inhaled allergen

    吸入过敏原 阳性例数 阳性率(%)
    粉尘螨 986 42.78
    户尘螨 890 38.61
    屋尘 657 28.51
    狗毛皮屑 511 22.17
    猫毛皮屑 530 22.99
    蟑螂 540 23.43
    蚕丝 337 14.62
    黑曲霉 172 7.46
    链格孢 200 8.68
    枝状枝孢 182 7.89
    梧桐花粉 813 35.27
    油菜花 683 29.63
    杨树花粉 543 23.56
    圆柏花粉 708 30.72
    蒿属花粉 790 34.27
    豚草花粉 704 30.54
    葎草花粉 729 31.63
    任1项阳性 1 777 77.09
    单1过敏原 214 9.28
    合并2种过敏原 327 14.19
    合并3种过敏原 369 16.01
    合并4种及以上过敏原 1 137 49.33
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同性别间吸入过敏原SPT阳性情况比较[例(%)]

    Table  2.   Comparison of SPT positivity of inhaled allergens between different genders[cases(%)]

    吸入过敏原 例数 男性(n=1 129) 女性(n=1 176) χ2 P
    粉尘螨 986 516(45.70) 470(39.97) 7.748 0.005
    户尘螨 890 466(41.28) 424(36.05) 6.624 0.010
    屋尘 657 332(29.41) 325(27.63) 0.723 0.395
    狗毛皮屑 511 238(21.08) 273(23.21) 1.520 0.218
    猫毛皮屑 530 260(23.03) 270(22.96) 0.002 0.968
    蟑螂 540 273(24.18) 267(22.70) 0.784 0.376
    蚕丝 337 179(15.85) 158(13.44) 2.701 0.100
    黑曲霉 172 91(8.06) 81(6.89) 1.147 0.284
    链格孢 200 93(8.24) 107(9.10) 0.539 0.463
    枝状枝孢 182 95(8.41) 87(7.40) 0.819 0.366
    梧桐花粉 813 414(36.67) 399(33.93) 1.896 0.169
    油菜花 683 356(31.53) 327(27.81) 3.836 0.047
    杨树花粉 543 285(25.24) 258(21.94) 3.165 0.075
    圆柏花粉 708 350(31.01) 358(30.44) 0.061 0.805
    蒿属花粉 790 397(35.16) 393(33.42) 0.779 0.377
    豚草花粉 704 362(32.06) 342(29.08) 2.415 0.120
    葎草花粉 729 381(33.75) 348(29.59) 4.598 0.032
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同年龄、性别吸入过敏原阳性率(%)

    Table  3.   Positive rate of inhaled allergens in different age and sex groups(%)

    年龄(岁) 性别 例数 粉尘螨 户尘螨 梧桐花粉 蒿属花粉 葎草花粉
    18~30 男性 436 48.16 43.43 40.06 38.99 38.76
    女性 434 42.86 41.24 38.25 37.79 32.72
    31~40 男性 319 46.73 42.95 37.93 37.62 35.42
    女性 314 40.58 34.08 36.94 35.67 31.53
    41~50 男性 199 44.51 42.21 32.16 34.67 33.67
    女性 207 40.13 33.82 31.88 28.50 28.02
    51~60 男性 111 38.74 36.04 27.03 25.23 25.23
    女性 154 34.42 29.87 24.03 22.73 16.23
    ≥61 男性 64 42.19 26.96 29.69 26.56 18.75
    女性 67 29.85 31.34 20.89 23.88 22.39
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-06-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-11-30

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