术前等待间手术患者焦虑与信息需求状况及其影响因素分析

成兰; 董玉燕; 左莉红; 沈海萍

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002705

术前等待间手术患者焦虑与信息需求状况及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002705

1.
绍兴市中西医结合医院护理部，浙江绍兴 312030
2.
绍兴市中西医结合医院手术室
3.
绍兴市中西医结合医院骨科
4.
浙江绿城医院手术室，浙江杭州 310000

基金项目:

浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目 2020PY065

详细信息

通讯作者:
沈海萍, E-mail: zdf5456@163.com

中图分类号: R472.3
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- 文章访问数: 435
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30

Analysis of anxiety and information needs of patients in preoperative waiting room and its influencing factors

1.
Nursing Department of Shaoxing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析术前等待间手术患者术前焦虑与信息需求现状，并进行针对性心理支持干预。方法选取2021年1—3月绍兴市中西医结合医院手术室术前等待间等待手术的100例择期手术患者作为研究对象。应用阿姆斯特丹术前焦虑与信息量表(APAIS)对患者术前焦虑状态与信息需求进行调查，采用多元线性回归分析影响患者术前焦虑与信息需求的相关因素。结果术前等待间手术患者焦虑得分为(10.33±3.25)分，共51例患者焦虑得分≥12分，处于焦虑状态；患者信息需求得分为(7.81±2.66)分，共71例患者信息需求得分≥5分，处于中度及以上信息需求水平；多元线性回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、手术台次、手术类型、术前晚睡眠质量、手术体验、麻醉体验是术前等待间手术患者焦虑的主要影响因素；年龄、手术体验、麻醉体验是术前等待间手术患者信息需求的主要影响因素。结论术前等待间手术患者焦虑与信息需求水平较高，护士须重视对术前等待间手术患者的心理支持干预, 尤其要加强关注年龄较高、女性、连台手术、妇科手术、术前晚睡眠质量较差及对手术和麻醉有痛苦记忆的手术患者。
- 术前等待间 /
- 焦虑 /
- 信息需求
Abstract: Objective To analyse the current situation of preoperative anxiety and information needs of preoperative waiting room patients and formulate targeted psychological support intervention. Methods From January to March 2021, 100 patients who were waiting for surgery in the operating room of Shaoxing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were selected as the research objects. The Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS) was used to investigate the preoperative anxiety status and information needs of patients, and the related factors affecting the preoperative anxiety and information needs of patients were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The average anxiety score of the patients waiting for operation was (10.33±3.25) points, and the anxiety score of 51 patients was ≥12 points, that is, 51% of patients were in anxiety state. The average score of patients' information needs was (7.81±2.66) points, and the score of 71 patients' information needs was ≥5 points, that is, 71% of patients were at the level of moderate or above. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, number of operating tables, type of operation, sleep quality during the night before operation, operation experience and anaesthesia experience were the main influencing factors of anxiety, and the age, operation experience and anesthesia experience were the main factors influencing the information needs of patients during preoperative waiting. Conclusion The level of anxiety and information needs of patients in the preoperative waiting room is high. Nurses should pay attention to the psychological support and intervention of patients in the preoperative waiting room. In particular, they should pay more attention to older patients, women, patients who underwent continuous surgery or gynaecological surgery, patients with poor sleep quality in the night before surgery and patients with painful memories of surgery and anaesthesia.
- Preoperative waiting room /
- Anxiety /
- Information requirements

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表 1 术前等待间手术患者焦虑及信息需求现状(x ±s，分)

Table 1. Current situation of anxiety and information needs of patients in preoperative waiting room(x ±s, scores)

项目	例数	得分
信息需求	100	7.81±2.66
轻度	29	3.27±0.51
中度	40	6.22±0.48
重度	31	9.10±0.82
手术相关焦虑	100	6.13±1.98
麻醉相关焦虑	100	4.12±1.75
总体焦虑	100	10.33±3.25
非严重	49	6.71±2.20
严重	51	14.46±2.55

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表 2 术前等待间手术患者焦虑与信息需求单因素分析(x ±s，分)

Table 2. Single factor analysis of anxiety and information needs of patients in preoperative waiting room (scores, x ±s)

项目	类别	例数	焦虑评分	统计量	P值	信息需求评分	统计量	P值
性别	男性	45	9.26±1.52	5.379^a	＜0.001	7.81±1.33	1.307^a	0.194
	女性	55	11.77±2.81			7.37±2.02
年龄(岁)	＜40	25	7.55±1.46	23.193^b	＜0.001	4.51±1.01	73.132^b	＜0.001
	40~60	45	9.21±1.33			6.22±1.32
	＞60	30	10.74±2.36			8.08±0.72
文化程度	初中及以下	39	11.21±2.30	6.555^b	0.002	7.81±1.22	0.035^b	0.966
	高中/中专	41	10.09±1.66			7.75±2.08
	大专及以上	20	9.28±2.20			7.69±1.57
经济状况	较好	33	8.55±2.31	14.422^b	＜0.001	7.92±2.24	1.008^b	0.369
	一般	39	9.41±2.58			7.27±2.06
	困难	28	11.73±2.11			7.81±1.91
职业	全职	31	12.33±2.80	0.275^b	0.760	6.30±0.77	21.396^b	＜0.001
	退休	40	12.76±2.21			7.01±0.35
	无工作	29	12.51±2.37			7.32±0.74
手术台次	首台	20	7.57±1.36	6.010^a	＜0.001	7.67±2.32	0.072^a	0.943
	连台	80	12.31±3.45			7.71±2.21
手术类型	妇科	21	13.11±3.20	15.821^b	＜0.001	7.27±1.99	0.269^b	0.897
	心胸外科	19	11.85±2.25			7.81±1.53
	神经外科	27	11.16±1.67			7.30±2.20
	骨科	16	8.15±1.33			7.41±2.03
	泌尿外科	17	8.90±2.10			7.60±1.89
术前晚睡眠质量	良好	24	8.77±1.36	14.170^b	＜0.001	7.83±1.89	0.935^b	0.396
	一般	35	10.34±2.52			7.22±1.90
	差	41	12.22±3.11			7.17±2.13
手术分级	1级	20	12.35±2.39	0.037^b	0.990	3.01±0.22	39.457^b	＜0.001
	2级	22	12.41±2.99			4.52±1.78
	3级	37	12.47±2.12			6.74±2.22
	4级	21	12.58±2.53			8.61±2.72
手术体验	无	51	10.22±2.31	6.955^b	＜0.001	6.33±1.10	37.656^b	＜0.001
	痛苦	18	12.37±2.86			9.01±0.06
	一般	23	10.15±1.82			8.02±1.13
	积极	8	8.33±1.41			6.55±1.21
麻醉体验	无	38	9.27±2.33	11.213^b	＜0.001	7.49±1.20	38.320^b	＜0.001
	痛苦	22	12.41±2.55			8.90±0.08
	一般	30	10.46±2.71			7.46±1.21
	积极	10	7.83±1.33			4.53±1.24
等待时间(min)	< 10	28	8.51±1.27	42.880^b	＜0.001	7.27±2.11	0.204^b	0.816
	10~20	30	10.41±1.30			7.40±2.08
	> 20	42	12.27±2.09			7.58±1.94
注：^a为t值，^b为F值。

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表 3 自变量赋值方法

Table 3. Assignment method of independent variables

自变量	赋值方法
性别	男性=0，女性=1
年龄	＜40岁=1，40~60岁=2， > 60岁=3
文化程度	大专及以上=0，初中及高中=1，小学及以下=2
经济状况	较好=0，一般=1，困难=2
手术台次	首台=0，连台=1
手术类型	妇科=(1, 0, 0, 0, 0)，心胸外科=(0，1，0，0，0)，神经外科=(0，0，1，0，0)，骨科=(0，0，0，1，0)，泌尿外科=(0，0，0，0，1)
术前晚睡眠质量	良好=0，一般=1，差=2
手术体验	无=0，痛苦=1，一般=2，积极=3
麻醉体验	无=0，痛苦=1，一般=2，积极=3
等待时间	< 10 min=0，10~20 min=1， > 20 min=3
职业	无工作=(1, 0, 0)，退休=(0，1，0)，全职=(0，0，1)
手术分级	1级=0，2级=1，3级=2，4级=3

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表 4 术前等待间手术患者焦虑多元线性回归分析

Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of anxiety of patients in preoperative waiting room

变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
性别	0.333	0.128	0.201	2.607	0.010
年龄	0.003	0.001	0.189	2.537	0.012
文化程度	-4.392	2.670	-0.123	-1.645	0.102
经济状况	-0.022	0.042	-0.027	-0.529	0.597
手术台次	0.565	0.108	0.445	5.231	< 0.001
手术类型	0.016	0.007	0.120	2.458	0.015
术前晚睡眠质量	-0.115	0.036	-0.251	-3.173	0.002
手术体验	-0.041	0.014	-0.225	-2.802	0.007
麻醉体验	-0.175	0.044	-0.380	-3.953	< 0.001
等待时间	0.004	0.002	0.121	1.593	0.083

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表 5 术前等待间手术患者信息需求多元线性回归分析

Table 5. Multiple linear regression analysis of patients' information needs of patients in preoperative waiting room

变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
年龄	0.141	0.045	0.233	3.121	0.002
职业	0.004	0.002	0.121	1.593	0.083
手术分级	0.026	0.033	0.037	0.791	0.430
手术体验	-0.020	0.008	-0.116	-2.449	0.015
麻醉体验	-0.019	0.007	-0.038	-2.557	0.011

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