肺结核患者出院准备度与延续护理需求现状及相关性分析

姚丽伟; 章金娟; 傅根莲; 刘晓霞; 林立华; 石燕; 郎雅珍

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002921

肺结核患者出院准备度与延续护理需求现状及相关性分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002921

浙江大学医学院附属杭州市胸科医院护理部，浙江杭州 310003

基金项目:

浙江省中医药科技计划项目 2018ZA094

杭州市农业与社会发展科研计划项目 20180533B77

详细信息

通讯作者:
章金娟，E-mail: 314005511@qq.com

中图分类号: R521 R473.52
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- 文章访问数: 286
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- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-19

Current situation and correlation analysis between readiness for hospital discharge and continuing nursing needs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Nursing Department, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解并分析肺结核患者出院准备度及延续护理需求的现状，并探讨两者的相关性，为临床实施有效的护理策略提供依据。方法采用便利抽样方法，于2020年7—10月选取浙江大学医学院附属杭州市胸科医院结核病诊疗中心符合条件的170例结核病患者，采用社会人口学调查表、患者出院准备度量表和自制的肺结核延续护理需求表在出院当日对其进行调查。结果肺结核患者出院准备度量表总分为(94.58±14.53)分，条目均分为(7.88±1.21)分，处于中等水平；延续护理需求总均分为(4.15±1.07)分，整体水平较高，排在前3位的延续护理需求为用药指导、复诊及就诊指导、营养饮食指导，得分分别为(4.52±1.02)分、(4.40±1.20)分、(4.22±1.27)分；肺结核患者出院准备度总分及各维度得分均与延续护理需求呈负相关关系(r=-0.646~-0.511，均P < 0.01)。结论肺结核患者出院准备度水平有待进一步提高，出院准备度低的患者延续护理需求高。肺结核患者延续护理需求整体水平较高，尤其是在用药指导、复诊及就诊指导、营养饮食指导等方面，应根据需求调整患者住院期间和出院后的护理策略。
- 结核 /
- 出院准备度 /
- 延续护理需求
Abstract: Objective To understand and analyse the current situation of readiness for hospital discharge and continuing nursing needs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to explore the correlation between them, thereby providing basis for effective nursing strategies. Methods A total of 170 eligible patients with tuberculosis from the Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Centre in Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July to October 2020 were selected using convenience sampling. They were investigated on the day of discharge using the social demographic questionnaire, readiness for hospital discharge scale and self-made tuberculosis continuing nursing needs table. Results The total score of the discharge readiness scale of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was (94.58±14.53) points, and the average score of items was (7.88±1.21) points, which was in the middle level. The total average score of continuing care needs was (4.15±1.07) points, and the overall level was high. The top three continuing care needs included medication guidance (4.52±1.02) points, follow-up and visit guidance (4.40±1.20) points and nutrition and diet guidance (4.22±1.27) points. The total score of discharge readiness and the score of each dimension of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were negatively correlated with the demand for continuous nursing (r ralue was from -0.646 to -0.511, all P < 0.001). Conclusion The level of discharge readiness of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis must be further improved, and patients with low discharge readiness have high demand for continuous nursing. The overall level of continuing care needs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is high, particularly in medication guidance, follow-up and visit guidance and nutrition and diet guidance. Therefore, the nursing strategies during hospitalisation and after discharge should adjust according to patient' s needs.
- Tuberculosis /
- Readiness for hospital discharge /
- Continuing nursing needs

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表 1 170例肺结核患者的社会人口学资料

Table 1. Social demographic data of 170 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

项目	类别	例(%)
性别	男性	106(62.35)
	女性	64(37.65)
年龄(岁)	18~39	66(38.82)
	40~55	34(20.00)
	56~65	24(14.12)
	>65	46(27.06)
婚姻状态	未婚	42(24.71)
	已婚	108(63.53)
	离异或丧偶	20(11.76)
文化程度	小学及以下	52(30.58)
	初中	42(24.71)
	高中	34(20.00)
	大专及以上	42(24.71)
工作状态	在职	60(35.29)
	退(离)休	52(30.59)
	失业/无业	58(34.12)
居住方式	独居	20(11.76)
	与家人/朋友同住	150(88.24)
家庭月收入(元)	< 2 000	34(20.00)
	2 000~ < 4 000	66(38.82)
	4 000~ < 6 000	28(16.47)
	≥6 000	42(24.71)
医疗费用支付情况	自费	30(17.65)
	公费	1(0.59)
	城镇医疗保险	91(53.53)
	农村合作医疗	48(28.23)

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表 2 170例肺结核患者出院准备度得分情况(x±s, 分)

Table 2. Scores of readiness for hospital discharge in 170 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(x±s, points)

项目	满分(分)	实际得分	条目均分
个人状态	30	23.68±5.01	7.89±1.67
适应能力	50	40.45±7.71	8.09±1.54
预期性支持	40	30.45±5.18	7.61±1.30
出院准备度总分	120	94.58±14.53	7.88±1.21

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表 3 170例肺结核患者延续护理需求总分和各条目得分情况

Table 3. The total score and the scores for each item of transitional care needs of 170 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

项目	得分(x±s, 分)
用药指导	4.52±1.02
复诊及就诊指导	4.40±1.20
营养饮食指导	4.22±1.27
疾病相关知识	4.14±1.26
居家消毒隔离知识	4.07±1.31
按时服用药物督导	4.04±1.31
运动锻炼指导	3.91±1.41
心理健康指导	3.87±1.43
延续护理需求总分	33.16±8.53
延续护理需求总均分	4.15±1.07

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