重大传染病疫情应急能力评价指标研究现状

王佳欣; 吴浩; 赵京伟; 赵亚利

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003260

重大传染病疫情应急能力评价指标研究现状

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003260

首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院，北京 100069

基金项目:

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才培养计划项目 2022-1-005

国家卫生健康委基层卫生健康司委托课题 2022

首都卫生管理与政策研究基地2022年度开放性课题 2022JD05

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵亚利, E-mail: zylnmtb@ccmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181.8
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- 文章访问数: 213
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- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-30
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-13

Research on the evaluation index of emergency response capacity of major pandemic

School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

摘要

摘要: 应急管理体系和能力是国家治理体系和能力的重要组成部分，公共卫生应急管理体系建设是应对突发公共卫生事件的关键因素，在新冠病毒持续大流行的背景下，加强卫生系统应急能力建设具有重要意义。世界各国在总结重大传染病疫情防控经验的同时也在不断探寻构建卫生应急能力评价体系。公立医疗机构是卫生应急体系的核心力量，其应急处置能力直接影响突发公共卫生事件的处置效率和效果。基层医疗卫生机构是疫情防控的第一道防线，科学评估基层医疗卫生机构应急能力，加强基层应对重大传染病应急体系网底建设，不仅是健康中国战略的重要组成部分，也是检验政府公共管理水平和卫生系统行政能力的重要标志。在面对重大传染病疫情时，基层医疗卫生机构需实现平时和应急响应时“双时在线”，传染病和社区常见病“两病共管”。目前提升社区韧性治理能力已成为社区治理现代化的重要课题, 作为提升社区韧性治理能力的重要一环, 基层医疗卫生机构具备一定的应急能力和韧性尤为重要。本文从系统和机构层面，关注应急管理框架全过程，对国外代表性国家或组织以及国内重大传染病疫情卫生应急能力的评估现状进行综述，并进一步提出将韧性理念融入应急管理全过程中，为构建适合我国国情的基层医疗卫生机构应急能力评价指标体系提供思路与参考。
- 重大传染病疫情 /
- 应急能力 /
- 评估
Abstract: Emergency management system and capacity are important parts of national governance systems and capacities. The construction of public health emergency management system is the key factor to deal with public health emergencies. In the context of the COVID-19, it is of great significance to improve health system emergency response capacity. While summarizing the experience of public health emergencies such as major infectious diseases, countries around the world are constantly exploring the evaluation system of health emergency capacity. Public medical institutions are the core force of health emergency system, and their emergency capacity directly affects the efficiency and effect of public health emergencies. Primary medical institution is the first line of defense in epidemic prevention and control. Scientific evaluation of the emergency response capacity of primary medical institutions and strengthening the construction of emergency response system for public health emergencies are not only an important part of the Healthy China Strategy, but also an important symbol to test the level of public management of the government and the administrative capacity of the health system. In the face of major infectious disease, primary medical and health institutions need to realize "dual online" in peace time and emergency response, and "dual management" of infectious diseases and common diseases. At present, improving the resilience of community governance has become an important topic in the modernization of community governance. As an important part of improving the resilience of community governance, it is particularly important for primary medical institutions to have emergency response capacity and resilience. This paper reviews the current situation of health emergency response capacity assessment of representative foreign countries or organizations and domestic major infectious diseases, including the system and institution. This paper further proposes to integrate the concept of resilience into the whole process of emergency management and provides the thoughts and references for constructing the index of emergency ability evaluation of primary medical health institutions.
- Major pandemic /
- Emergency response capacity /
- Evaluation

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表 1 国内基层医疗机构应急能力评估指标研究

Table 1. Studies on evaluation index for emergency capability of primary medical institutions in China

研究者	年份	理论依据	研究方法	指标维度	研究对象	信效度
刘珏等^[28]	2021	应急管理理论	文献研究法、专家咨询	发现报告能力、精准防控能力、公众防护能力、医疗救治效果、疫情防控效果	各级卫生服务机构	无
刘思涵^[29]	2018	灾害风险理论	文献研究法、实地调查法、Delphi法、层次分析法	预防与应急准备、报告与信息发布、救援与部门协调	社区医疗卫生机构	无
李贞^[30]	2017	未提及	文献研究法、Delphi法、百分权重法	乡镇卫生院：应急文件、应急监测、能力建设	县级综合医院及乡镇卫生院	有
仇蕾洁等^[31]	2017	未提及	文献研究法、专家访谈法、Delphi法、百分权重法	人力资源、资金资源、物资资源、信息资源、技术资源、人群健康水平	农村基层医疗机构	无
张洪伟^[32]	2013	危机管理理论、卫生系统宏观模型	文献研究法、个人深入访谈、焦点组访谈、Delphi法、专家评分法、百分权重法、问卷调查法	组织管理体系、资源构成、预防与应急准备、监测预警、应急处置与救援、善后处理	社区卫生服务机构	有
崔娜^[33]	2013	“结构-过程-结果”框架	文献研究法、个人深入访谈、Delphi法、问卷调查法	预案基本框架、预案编制及应用、预案应用效果及影响	社区卫生服务机构	无
周志衡^[34]	2012	脆弱性理论、应急管理理论	文献研究法、专家访谈法、Delphi法、专家会议法、实地考察	卫生应急人力资源、应急制度、监测预警、救援与救治能力、应急储备、应急教育与培训、灾后处置	基层医疗机构	有
徐枫等^[35]	2010	未提及	人员访谈、现况调查	组织协调机制、应急预案、监测预警、人力、物力、培训演练	社区医院	无
赵琦^[36]	2009	“结构-过程-结果”框架、危机管理理论	文献研究法、个人深入访谈、焦点组访谈、现场调查法、问卷调查法	乡镇卫生院：文件、监测、能力建设	县级疾控中心及县级综合医院、乡卫生院	有

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