65岁以上规律锻炼老年人健康体适能及睡眠状况研究

杨琳; 任梦婷; 姚佳琴; 孙藤方; 王红雨

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003454

65岁以上规律锻炼老年人健康体适能及睡眠状况研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003454

1.
蚌埠医科大学护理学院，安徽蚌埠 233030
2.
蚌埠医科大学检验学院，安徽蚌埠 233030
3.
蚌埠医科大学体育艺术部, 安徽蚌埠 233030

基金项目:

安徽省人文社科重大研究项目 SK20220ZD3

蚌埠医科大学重大科技项目孵育项目 2020byfy203sk

安徽省高校哲学社科重点项目 2023AH051899

详细信息

通讯作者:
王红雨，E-mail：wanghongyu81920@163.com

中图分类号: R161.7
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- 文章访问数: 72
- HTML全文浏览量: 14
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-29

Study on healthy fitness and sleep status of the elderly with regular exercise over 65 years old

1.
College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析65岁以上老年人健康及睡眠状况，探讨规律锻炼与睡眠状况的关系。方法采用便利抽样方法，于2022年1—8月收集蚌埠市590例65岁以上老年人的基本信息、患病情况、握力、肺活量、坐位体前屈、30 s坐起站立、2.44 m转角走、2 min原地踏步及睡眠状况测试结果，使用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行组间分析，并采用二元logistic回归分析探究规律运动与睡眠状况的关系。结果 590例老年人中共有176名男性和215名女性参加规律锻炼。与规律锻炼组相比，男性无规律锻炼组肌肉力量、平衡能力及心肺功能较差(P < 0.05)；女性无规律锻炼组肌肉力量、平衡能力及心肺功能较差(P < 0.05)。无规律锻炼组睡眠状况“较差”者均较规律锻炼组多(P_男性=0.005、P_女性=0.009)。未调整的logistic回归模型显示，男性和女性无规律锻炼组睡眠状况与规律锻炼组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。进一步调整年龄、体重后，结果表明规律运动是影响睡眠状况的重要因素(P < 0.001)。结论无规律锻炼老年人的肌肉力量、平衡能力、心肺功能及睡眠状况更倾向于“较差”，有规律的锻炼是预防疾病、支持治疗以及提高耐力训练最经济的方式之一，需要家庭、学校、机构、媒体的共同参与，更重要的是发挥初级保健工作者以及所有卫生工作者的关键作用，促进老年人规律锻炼习惯的养成。
- 规律运动 /
- 睡眠 /
- 老年人 /
- 健康体适能
Abstract: Objective To analyze the health and sleep status of elderly people over 65 years old and explore the relationship between regular exercise and sleep status. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted to collect the basic information, disease status, grip strength, vital capacity, sitting forward bending, sitting up and standing for 30 s, 2.44 m corner walking, 2 min standing in place, and sleep test results from 590 elderly individuals aged 65 and above in Bengbu city from January to August 2022. Intergroup analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between regular exercise and sleep status. Results A total of 176 males and 215 females participated in regular exercise in 590 elderly cases. Compared with the regular exercise group, muscle strength, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were worse in the male irregular exercise group (P < 0.05); and muscle strength, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were worse in the female irregular exercise group (P < 0.05). More people had "worse" sleep in the irregular exercise group than in the regular exercise group (P=0.005 for men and P=0.009 for women). Unadjusted logistic regression models showed statistically significant differences in sleep status in the irregular exercise group compared to the regular exercise group for both males and females (P < 0.05). After further adjustment for age and weight, the results showed that regular exercise was a significant factor in sleep status (P < 0.001). Conclusion Irregular exercise in the elderly is associated with decreased muscle strength, balance ability, cardiopulmonary function, and a higher likelihood of experiencing "poor" sleep. On the other hand, regular exercise is an effective means of preventing disease, supporting treatment, and improving endurance training. It is also a cost-effective approach. To promote regular exercise among the elderly, active involvement from family, schools, institutions, and the media is crucial. Equally important is the role of primary care workers and all health professionals in encouraging and fostering regular excise habits among the elderly.
- Regular exercise /
- Sleep /
- The aged /
- Healthy physical fitness

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表 1 规律锻炼和无规律锻炼组590位老年人基本情况比较

Table 1. Comparison of the basic situation of 590 elderly people in between regular exercise and irregular exercise groups

指标	男性(n=240)		统计量	P值	女性(n=350)		统计量	P值
指标	规律锻炼组(n=176)	无规律锻炼组(n=64)	统计量	P值	规律锻炼组(n=215)	无规律锻炼组(n=135)	统计量	P值
年龄(x±s, 岁)	74.34±5.31	79.00±7.38	4.686^a	< 0.001	75.21±5.47	80.07±6.13	7.561^a	< 0.001
身高(x±s, cm)	166.31±0.08	167.06±0.07	0.254^a	0.800	157.31±0.07	157.21±0.07	0.013^a	0.990
体重(x±s, kg)	59.59±6.88	63.67±9.44	3.441^a	0.001	59.18±8.87	62.50±8.31	3.148^a	0.002
BMI(x±s)	21.68±3.19	22.90±3.69	2.690^a	0.007	24.04±4.13	25.42±3.97	2.965^a	0.003
糖尿病[例(%)]			3.308^b	0.069			7.492^b	0.006
是	33(18.75)	19(29.69)			56(26.05)	54(40.00)
否	143(81.25)	45(70.31)			159(73.95)	81(60.00)
高血压[例(%)]			2.840^b	0.092			0.009^b	0.925
是	72(40.91)	34(53.13)			111(51.63)	69(51.11)
否	104(59.09)	30(46.87)			104(48.37)	66(48.89)
高血脂[例(%)]			4.616^b	0.032			2.195^b	0.138
是	30(17.05)	19(29.69)			58(26.98)	27(20.00)
否	146(82.95)	45(70.31)			157(73.02)	108(80.00)
呼吸系统疾病[例(%)]			1.069^b	0.301			2.738^b	0.098
是	14(7.95)	2(3.13)			24(11.16)	8(5.93)
否	162(92.05)	62(96.87)			191(88.84)	127(94.07)
睡眠状况[例(%)]			7.711^b	0.005			6.751^b	0.009
较差	17(9.66)	15(23.44)			56(26.05)	53(39.26)
较好	159(90.34)	49(76.56)			159(73.95)	82(60.74)
注：^a为t值，^b为χ²值。

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表 2 规律锻炼和无规律锻炼组590位老年人健康体适能状况比较

Table 2. Comparison of health and physical fitness status of 590 elderly people between regular exercise group and irregular exercise group

指标	男性(n=240)		t值	P值	女性(n=350)		t值	P值
指标	规律锻炼组(n=176)	无规律锻炼组(n=64)	t值	P值	规律锻炼组(n=215)	无规律锻炼组(n=135)	t值	P值
握力(x±s, kg)	26.76±8.72	20.28±8.58	-4.365	< 0.001	18.93±6.03	20.26±9.45	-0.471	0.637
肺活量(x±s, mL)	2 020.99±633.45	1 626.81±755.66	-2.582	0.010	1 410.79±706.54	1 571.09±455.26	-1.163	0.245
坐位体前屈(x±s, cm)	-5.81±9.52	-7.06±11.88	-0.829	0.407	-2.78±11.29	-3.35±9.84	-1.524	0.128
30 s坐起站立(x±s, 次)	13.18±6.84	5.61±5.39	-6.199	< 0.001	12.42±6.45	6.01±5.62	-5.278	< 0.001
2.44 m转角走(x±s, s)	9.78±3.01	13.40±10.00	-5.064	< 0.001	9.99±3.20	14.09±11.77	-2.958	0.003
2 min原地踏步(x±s, 次)	107.92±26.95	82.06±38.64	-3.873	< 0.001	102.00±29.23	92.17±41.86	-1.256	0.209

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表 3 规律锻炼和无规律锻炼组590位老年人睡眠状况[例(%)]

Table 3. Comparison of sleep status of 590 elderly people between regular exercise group and irregular exercise group[cases(%)]

睡眠状况	男性(n=240)		女性(n=350)
睡眠状况	规律运动 (n=176)	无规律运动 (n=64)	规律运动 (n=215)	无规律运动 (n=135)
很不好	8(4.55)	4(6.25)	9(4.19)	10(7.41)
不好	64(36.36)	28(43.75)	100(46.51)	66(48.89)
一般	71(40.34)	27(42.19)	73(33.95)	37(27.41)
很好	33(18.75)	5(7.81)	33(15.35)	22(16.30)

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表 4 老年人睡眠状况影响因素的二元logistic回归分析

Table 4. Binary logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of sleep status in elderly people

模型	男性(n=240)					女性(n=350)
模型	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值(95% CI)	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值(95% CI)
模型1
规律锻炼	1.108	0.429	6.668	< 0.001	3.028(1.306~7.022)	0.614	0.262	5.498	< 0.001	1.848(1.106~3.088)
年龄	-0.005	0.031	0.023	0.005	0.995(0.937~1.058)	-0.020	0.020	0.949	0.001	0.980(0.942~1.020)
体重	0.020	0.025	0.634	0.007	1.020(0.972~1.070)	0.028	0.014	4.014	0.009	1.029(1.001~1.058)
模型2
规律锻炼	1.052	0.390	7.271	< 0.001	2.863(1.333~6.150)	0.607	0.235	6.676	< 0.001	1.835(1.158~2.909)
注：均与无规律锻炼组相比；模型2调整年龄、体重。

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