术前血清渗透压水平与老年股骨颈骨折患者住院时间及并发症发生风险的相关性

周梧节; 金颖颖; 骆国钢

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003504

术前血清渗透压水平与老年股骨颈骨折患者住院时间及并发症发生风险的相关性

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003504

浙江中医药大学附属温州中西医结合医院骨科，浙江温州 325008

基金项目:

浙江省中医药科技计划项目 2021ZB275

温州市基础性医疗卫生科技项目 Y20210440

详细信息

通讯作者:
周梧节，E-mail：214814498@qq.com

中图分类号: R683.42 R687.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-10

Correlation between preoperative serum osmotic pressure level and hospitalization time and complication risk of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

Department of Orthopedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325008, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析老年股骨颈骨折患者的术前血清渗透压水平，并探讨其水平高低与住院时间以及并发症发生风险的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2021年12月于浙江中医药大学附属温州中西医结合医院接受治疗的120例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象，根据患者术前的血清渗透压水平将患者分为高水平组和低水平组，收集患者相关临床资料，同时进行为期1年的随访，记录患者全因死亡情况。采用Spearman相关性分析研究术前血清渗透压水平与患者住院时间、并发症等的相关性，采用Cox回归分析研究老年股骨颈骨折患者存活率的影响因素。结果 41例患者纳入高水平组，79例患者纳入低水平组。术前血清渗透压水平与多维预后指数(MPI)得分(r=0.501)、住院时间(r=0.496)、术后并发症(r=0.383)的发生均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)；Cox回归分析显示，性别(HR=17.404)、血清渗透压水平(HR=1.136)、MPI(HR=1.294)、格拉斯哥预后评分(GPS，HR=0.114)均是老年股骨颈骨折患者术后死亡的影响因素，在校正性别、MPI评分、GPS评分后的Cox回归分析中发现，术前血清渗透压水平(HR=1.071)是老年股骨颈骨折患者术后死亡的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年股骨颈骨折患者的住院时间、并发症发生情况与术前的血清渗透压水平和虚弱程度有关，术前进行血清渗透压水平检查，有助于围手术期进行更充分的液体管理，以降低术后的死亡风险。
- 股骨颈骨折 /
- 血清渗透压 /
- 术后并发症 /
- 髋关节置换术 /
- 死亡风险
Abstract: Objective To analyze the preoperative serum osmotic pressure level of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, and to explore the relationship between its level and hospitalization time and the risk of complications. Methods A total of 120 patients with femoral neck fracture who were treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research object. According to the preoperative serum osmotic pressure level of patients, patients were divided into high-level group and low-level group. The clinical data of patients were collected and followed up for one year to record all-cause deaths. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between preoperative serum osmotic pressure level and hospitalization time and complications, and Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival rate of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Results Forty-one patients were included in the high-level group and 79 in the low-level group. Preoperative serum osmotic pressure level was positively correlated with MPI score (r=0.501), hospital stay (r=0.496) and postoperative complications (r=0.383), P<0.05. Cox regression analysis showed that gender (HR=17.404), serum osmolality level (HR=1.136), MPI score (HR=1.294) and GPS score (HR=0.114) were all influencing factors for postoperative death in elderly patients with femoral neck. Cox regression analysis after adjusting for gender, MPI score and GPS score found that preoperative serum osmolality level (HR=1.071) was an independent determinant of postoperative death in elderly femoral neck patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The hospitalization time and complications of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture are related to the preoperative serum osmotic pressure level and the degree of weakness. Preoperative examination of serum osmotic pressure level is helpful for more adequate perioperative fluid management to reduce the risk of postoperative death.
- Femoral neck fracture /
- Serum osmotic pressure /
- Postoperative complications /
- Hip replacement /
- Death risk
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图 1 2组老年股骨颈骨折患者的生存情况比较

Figure 1. Comparative survival analysis of two groups of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

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表 1 2组老年股骨颈骨折患者临床资料比较

Table 1. Comparison of clinical data in two groups of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

项目	低水平组(n=79)	高水平组(n=41)	统计量	P值
年龄(x±s，岁)	77.16±5.34	79.26±4.69	2.217^a	0.029
性别[例(%)]			0.216^b	0.642
男性	20(25.31)	12(29.27)
女性	59(74.68)	29(70.73)
BMI(x±s)	22.34±2.18	24.28±3.72	3.076^a	0.003
合并症[例(%)]
高血压	41(51.90)	30(73.17)	5.055^b	0.025
糖尿病	14(17.72)	12(29.27)	2.120^b	0.145
冠心病	13(16.46)	8(19.51)	0.175^b	0.676
慢性心衰	9(11.39)	9(21.95)	2.360^b	0.124
慢性肾脏病	7(8.86)	10(24.39)	5.353^b	0.021
COPD	9(11.39)	4(9.76)	0.075^b	0.784
Na⁺(x±s，mmol/L)	137.25±3.26	141.30±4.22	5.370^a	<0.001
K⁺(x±s，mmol/L)	4.05±0.28	4.19±0.31	2.424^a	0.018
空腹血糖(x±s，mmol/L)	6.94±1.11	7.86±1.88	2.883^a	0.006
尿素(x±s，mmol/L)	6.75±1.79	11.09±2.08	11.355^a	<0.001
血清渗透压(x±s，mmol/L)	289.47±8.89	308.58±7.33	12.571^a	<0.001
血红蛋白(x±s，g/dL)	12.18±1.49	11.56±1.62	2.043^a	0.045
CRP(x±s，mg/L)	29.45±4.49	30.49±5.62	1.027^a	0.308
淋巴细胞(x±s，×10³/mL)	1.06±0.11	1.10±0.13	1.682^a	0.097
GPS(x±s，分)	6.11±0.87	5.89±0.71	1.487^a	0.140
MPI(x±s，分)	0.81±0.04	0.87±0.05	6.657^a	<0.001
住院时间(x±s，d)	8.16±1.53	11.05±2.14	7.687^a	<0.001
术后并发症发生情况[例(%)]
急性呼吸衰竭	3(3.80)	5(12.20)	1.858^b	1.173
肺炎	2(2.53)	3(7.32)	0.581^b	0.446
谵妄	14(17.72)	12(29.27)	2.120^b	0.145
电解质紊乱	12(15.19)	13(31.71)	4.465^b	0.035
心律失常	5(6.33)	8(19.51)	4.856^b	0.028
尿路感染	3(3.80)	2(4.88)	0.040^b	0.841
压疮	1(1.27)	3(7.32)	1.477^b	0.224
总发生[例(%)]	38(48.10)	30(73.17)	6.908^b	0.009
注：^a为t值，^b为χ²值。部分患者发生2种或以上并发症。

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表 2 术前血清渗透压与其他指标的相关性

Table 2. Correlation between preoperative serum osmolality and other indicators

项目	血清渗透压		MPI
项目	r值	P值	r值	P值
MPI	0.501	<0.001
住院时间	0.496	<0.001	0.436	<0.001
术后并发症	0.383	<0.001	0.341	<0.001

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表 3 变量赋值方法

Table 3. Variable assignment methods

变量	赋值方法
是否死亡	是=1，否=0
性别	男性=1，女性=0
血清渗透压	连续变量，以实际值赋值
MPI	连续变量，以实际值赋值
GPS	连续变量，以实际值赋值
校正后血清渗透压	连续变量，以实际值赋值

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表 4 影响股骨颈骨折患者术后死亡的Cox回归分析

Table 4. Cox Regression analysis of postoperative mortality in patients with femoral neck fractures

变量	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	HR值	95% CI
性别	2.857	0.506	31.927	<0.001	17.404	6.461~46.880
血清渗透压	0.128	0.019	46.805	<0.001	1.136	1.095~1.178
MPI	0.257	0.034	56.960	<0.001	1.294	1.210~1.383
GPS	-2.171	0.316	47.362	<0.001	0.114	0.061~0.212
校正后血清渗透压	0.069	0.030	5.072	0.024	1.071	1.009~1.137

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