学龄前儿童的同胞关系质量现状及其对情绪和行为问题的影响

高红琼; 方红英; 曹月婷; 程妍; 孟凡越

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003677

学龄前儿童的同胞关系质量现状及其对情绪和行为问题的影响

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003677

1.
铜陵市妇幼保健院儿童保健科，安徽铜陵 244000
2.
安徽医科大学第二临床医学院，安徽合肥 230001

基金项目:

安徽省卫生健康科研项目 AHWJ2022c027

详细信息

通讯作者:
高红琼，E-mail：646019613@qq.com

中图分类号: R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-07

The current situation of sibling relationship quality in preschool children and its correlation with emotional and behavioral problems

1.
Department of Child Health Care, Hospital of Maternal and Child Health of TongLing, Tongling, Anhui 244000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学龄前儿童同胞关系现状，分析其对情绪和行为问题的影响，为儿童早期心理健康发展提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，于2022年4—6月在铜陵市三区一县抽取11所幼儿园多孩家庭1 448名3~6岁儿童。采用儿童早期同胞关系质量问卷(父母版)和儿童长处和困难问卷(SDQ，父母版)进行调查，由儿童监护人填写。结果 1 448名儿童同胞温暖得分为(3.725±0.658)分，同胞冲突得分为(3.453±0.675)分，同胞嫉妒得分为(3.770±0.796)分。大孩、年龄差≤5岁的儿童较易发生同胞冲突和同胞嫉妒。Logistic回归分析显示，与高分组相比，同胞温暖低分组(OR=2.015，95% CI：1.263~3.885)、同胞冲突中分组(OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.258~0.697) 和同胞嫉妒低分组(OR=0.387, 95% CI: 0.197~0.760)的儿童易发生情绪和行为问题(P＜0.05)。结论本地区学龄前儿童同胞关系良好；同胞关系对学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题的发生有影响，应尽早干预。
- 学龄前儿童 /
- 同胞关系 /
- 情绪和行为问题
Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of sibling relationships among preschool children, analyze its impact on emotional and behavioral problems, so as to provide references for the early development of children's mental health. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 1 448 children aged 3-6 years old were selected from 11 kindergartens and families with multiple children in three districts and one county of Tongling City from April to June 2022. The early childhood sibling's quality questionnaire (parent version) and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ, parent version) were completed by the children's guardians. Results The average sibling warmth score was 3.725±0.658, the average sibling conflict score was 3.453 ± 0.675, and the average sibling jealousy score was 3.770±0.796. The biggest child of multi-child families and children with an age difference of less than 5 years were more prone to occur sibling conflict and sibling jealousy. Logistic regression analysis showed that children in the sibling warmth low score group (OR=2.015, 95% CI: 1.263-3.885), sibling conflict middle score group (OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.258-0.697) and sibling jealousy low score group (OR=0.387, 95% CI: 0.197-0.760) were prone to emotional and behavioral problems (P < 0.05). Conclusion The sibling relationships among preschool children in Tongling are good, and sibling relationships have an impact on the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Early intervention is necessary.
- Preschool children /
- Sibling relationship /
- Emotional and behavioral issues
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表 1 不同项目儿童同胞关系各维度得分比较(x±s, 分)

Table 1. Comparison of scores across various dimensions of sibling relationships based on different factors (x±s, points)

项目	人数	温暖	冲突	嫉妒
出生顺序
大孩	337	3.744±0.661	3.354±0.697	3.617±0.834
二孩及三孩	1 111	3.719±0.657	3.483±0.666	3.817±0.779
t值		0.631	3.706	4.072
P值		0.528	0.002	＜0.001
年龄差
≤5岁	739	3.701±0.654	3.283±0.665	3.637±0.814
6~10岁	463	3.738±0.681	3.525±0.629	3.856±0.758
≥11岁	246	3.768±0.622	3.823±0.618	4.012±0.737
F值		10.99	68.680	25.196
P值		0.334	＜0.001	＜0.001
家庭孩子数
2个	1 399	3.720±0.655	3.448±0.678	3.767±0.793
3个	49	3.843±0.714	3.582±0.567	3.900±0.888
t值		1.287	1.360	1.066
P值		0.198	0.174	0.287
家庭结构
核心家庭	913	3.708±0.651	3.457±0.680	3.764±0.799
联合家庭	501	3.760±0.673	3.444±0.668	3.779±0.795
其他	34	3.653±0.588	3.463±0.652	3.812±0.750
F值		1.219	0.056	0.099
P值		0.296	0.945	0.906
性别
男	697	3.680±0.658	3.427±0.682	3.753±0.804
女	751	3.766±0.655	3.478±0.669	3.787±0.790
t值		2.491	1.405	0.825
P值		0.013	0.160	0.410
同胞性别组合
姐妹	373	3.723±0.662	3.527±0.635	3.754±0.723
姐弟/兄妹	760	3.723±0.658	3.426±0.680	3.778±0.820
兄弟	315	3.731±0.653	3.429±0.703	3.772±0.825
F值		0.018	3.307	0.117
P值		0.982	0.048	0.890
注：联合家庭指祖辈和父母、孩子一起生活，核心家庭指父母和孩子一起生活，其他家庭指孩子和祖辈一起生活；三孩年龄差以与三孩最近的孩子计算。

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表 2 不同项目儿童困难总分异常检出率比较[人(%)]

Table 2. Comparison of abnormal detection rate of total difficulty score of children in different projects[people(%)]

项目	人数	正常	异常	χ²值	P值
出生顺序				1.432	0.228
大孩	337	302(89.6)	35(10.4)
二孩及三孩	1 111	1 020(91.8)	91(8.2)
年龄差				4.840	0.089
≤5岁	739	676(91.5)	63(8.5)
6~10岁	463	429(92.7)	34(7.3)
≥11岁	246	217(88.2)	29(11.8)
性别				5.310	0.021
男	697	624(89.5)	73(10.5)
女	751	698(92.9)	53(7.1)
家庭结构				0.761	0.684
核心家庭	913	838(91.8)	75(8.2)
联合家庭	501	453(90.4)	48(9.6)
其他	34	31(91.2)	3(8.8)
同胞性别组合				4.158	0.125
姐妹	373	348(93.3)	25(6.7)
姐弟/兄妹	760	693(91.2)	67(8.8)
兄弟	315	280(88.9)	35(11.1)
年龄(岁)				2.293	0.495
3~	114	100(87.7)	14(12.3)
4~	438	398(90.9)	40(9.1)
5~	632	581(91.9)	50(8.1)
6~	264	243(92.0)	21(8.0)

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表 3 同胞关系各维度分组儿童情绪和行为问题异常检出率比较[人(%)]

Table 3. Comparison of detection rates of emotional and behavioral problems in all dimensions of sibling relations[people(%)]

项目	组别	人数	情绪异常	品行	多动	同伴	亲社会	困难总分
温暖	低分组	367	37(10.1)	78(21.3)	66(18.0)	102(27.8)	66(18.0)	54(14.7)
	中分组	758	50(6.6)	85(11.2)	88(11.6)	143(18.9)	44(5.8)	53(7.0)
	高分组	323	15(4.6)	27(8.4)	21(6.5)	44(13.6)	10(3.1)	19(5.9)
χ²值			8.245	30.135	21.657	22.785	62.998	22.719
P值			0.016	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001
冲突	低分组	503	51(10.1)	115(22.9)	87(17.3)	114(22.7)	58(11.5)	74(14.7)
	中分组	509	29(5.7)	43(8.4)	50(9.8)	90(17.7)	36(7.1)	27(5.3)
	高分组	436	22(5.0)	32(7.3)	38(8.7)	85(19.5)	26(6.0)	25(5.7)
χ²值			11.427	64.409	19.966	4.015	11.049	35.097
P值			0.003	＜0.001	0.001	0.134	0.004	＜0.001
嫉妒	低分组	405	51(12.6)	97(24.1)	59(14.6)	93(23.0)	46(11.4)	60(14.8)
	中分组	656	42(6.4)	71(10.8)	77(11.7)	126(19.2)	52(7.9)	49(7.5)
	高分组	387	9(2.3)	22(5.7)	39(10.1)	70(18.1)	22(5.7)	17(4.4)
χ²值			33.158	64.691	3.892	3.676	8.585	29.349
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	0.143	0.159	0.014	＜0.001

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表 4 同胞关系各维度与儿童情绪与行为问题的影响分析

Table 4. Analysis of the correlations between various dimensions of sibling relationships and children's emotional and behavioral issues

同胞关系	组别	原始模型					控制模型
同胞关系	组别	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR(95% CI)	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR(95% CI)
温暖	高分组
	低分组	0.808	0.287	7.747	0.005	2.244(1.281~3.934)	0.795	0.287	7.669	0.006	2.015(1.263~3.885)
	中分组	0.084	0.281	0.069	0.793	1.088(0.620~1.869)	0.073	0.281	0.067	0.795	1.076(0.620~1.868)
冲突	高分组
	低分组	-0.505	0.286	3.108	0.078	0.604(0.344~1.058)	-0.472	0.287	2.700	0.100	0.624(0.355~1.095)
	中分组	-0.867	0.253	11.764	＜0.001	0.420(0.256~0.690)	-0.857	0.253	11.437	＜0.001	0.424(0.258~0.697)
嫉妒	高分组
	低分组	-0.911	0.343	7.052	0.008	0.402(0.205~0.788)	-0.949	0.345	7.589	0.006	0.387(0.197~0.760)
	中分组	-0.395	0.227	3.302	0.082	0.673(0.432~1.051)	-0.412	0.228	3.269	0.071	0.662(0.424~1.035)

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