Analysis of infant care service needs and associated factors in Chizhou City, Anhui Province
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摘要:
目的 分析婴幼儿照护服务的需求状况及相关影响因素,为相关部门制定婴幼儿照护服务措施提供科学依据。 方法 使用自行设计的调查表,于2022年1—2月对安徽省池州市贵池区和青阳县877名婴幼儿父母和孕妇进行相关问卷调查。 结果 婴幼儿照护服务需求率为21.3%(187/877)。82.9%(155/187)的调查对象希望入托月龄在24月龄及以上,62.6%(117/187)选择公办托育机构,入托方式为全日制占78.6%(147/187),71.7%(134/187)的家庭可接受每月入托费用在1 000~3 000元,师资素质好、安全防护好和方便接送是家长关注的重点。多因素logistic回归分析显示,地区(OR=2.894,95% CI:2.010~4.167)、人群类型(OR=1.495,95% CI:1.052~2.126)、(准)母亲文化程度(OR=2.039,95% CI:1.163~3.575;OR=2.428,95% CI:1.460~4.038)和(准)母亲工作状态(OR=1.572,95% CI:1.033~2.392;OR=1.862,95% CI:1.073~3.232)是婴幼儿照护服务需求的影响因素。 结论 池州市不少家庭有婴幼儿照护服务需求,应积极发展普惠性托育服务,提高婴幼儿照护服务的有效供给。 Abstract:Objective This study aims to analyze the demand for infant care services and the related family determinants in Chizhou, Anhui Province, to provide scientific guidance for developing effective intervention measures. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to 877 parents and pregnant women in Guichi District and Qingyang County, Chizhou City, Anhui Province from January to February 2022. Results Among the surveyed families, 21.3% (187/877) expressed interest in enrolling their children in childcare institutions. Among these families, 82.9% (155/187) preferred enrolling children at the age 2 to 3 years, 62.6% (117/187) chose public childcare institutions, and 78.6% (147/187) opted for full-time care programs. Regarding the admission fee, 71.7% (134/187) considered 1 000-3 000 yuan per month affordable for childcare services. Parents mainly prioritized high-quality teachers, safety, and convenient transportation when considering childcare institutions. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that geographic locations (OR=2.894, 95% CI: 2.010-4.167), parental characteristics (OR=1.495, 95% CI: 1.052-2.126), maternal education level (OR=2.039, 95% CI: 1.163-3.575; OR=2.428, 95% CI: 1.460-4.038), and maternal employment status (OR=1.572, 95% CI: 1.033-2.392; OR=1.862, 95% CI: 1.073-3.232) were significant factors influencing the demand for infant and child care services. Conclusion There is a substantial demand for infant and toddler care services among families in Chizhou City. It is essential to develop comprehensive childcare services and enhance the availability of high-quality infant care to meet this demand. -
Key words:
- Care service /
- Infant and toddlers /
- Needs /
- Influencing factor
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表 1 入托需求情况
Table 1. Specific needs of surveyed nursery child
项目 人数(%) 入托月龄(个月) 6~ 1(0.5) 12~ 7(3.7) 18~ 24(12.8) 24~ 86(46.0) 30~ 69(36.9) 托育机构类型 公办 117(62.6) 民办 18(9.6) 民办公助/公建民营 8(4.3) 无所谓 44(23.5) 入托方式 半日制 36(19.3) 全日制 147(78.6) 寄宿制 1(0.5) 计时制 3(1.6) 入托期间餐食 机构提供 175(93.6) 自带 12(6.4) 每月入托费用(元) <1 000 12(6.4) 1 000~ 60(32.1) 2 000~ 74(39.6) 3 000~ 36(19.3) ≥4 000 5(2.7) 家长重视托育机构原因 方便接送 109(58.3) 收费合理 98(52.4) 师资素质高 157(84.0) 安全防护好 151(80.7) 伙食质量高 106(56.7) 教学及游乐设施完备 98(52.4) 口碑好 74(39.6) 表 2 婴幼儿照护服务需求的单因素分析
Table 2. Univariate analysis of the demand for infant care services
项目 人数 照护服务需求[例(%)] χ2值 P值 地区 32.532 <0.001 贵池区 353 58(16.4) 青阳县 368 129(35.1) 人群类型 5.289 0.021 父母 345 103(29.9) 孕妇 376 84(22.3) (准)母亲年龄(岁) 0.073 0.964 <30 357 91(25.5) 30~34 258 68(26.4) ≥35 106 28(26.4) (准)父亲年龄(岁) 0.150 0.928 <30 247 66(26.7) 30~34 293 74(25.3) ≥35 181 47(26.0) (准)母亲文化程度 18.697 <0.001 初中及以下 187 27(14.4) 高中/中专/职高/技校 151 40(26.5) 大专及以上 383 120(31.3) (准)父亲文化程度 8.925 0.012 初中及以下 168 31(18.5) 高中/中专/职高/技校 176 42(23.9) 大专及以上 377 114(30.2) (准)母亲职业 18.215 <0.001 农民/农民工/工人 53 7(13.2) 商业服务/个体私营 178 50(28.1) 机关企事业单位职工 213 74(34.7) 无业及其他 277 56(20.2) (准)父亲职业 11.920 0.008 农民/农民工/工人 117 17(14.5) 商业服务/个体私营 343 92(26.8) 机关企事业单位职工 212 67(31.6) 无业及其他 49 11(22.4) (准)母亲现在工作状态 15.811 <0.001 全职 279 88(31.5) 半职/工作时间灵活 83 29(34.9) 无业 359 70(19.5) 家庭类型 核心家庭 176 53(30.1) 4.522 0.104 直系家庭 447 116(26.0) 单亲家庭/其他 98 18(18.4) 家庭人均年收入(万元) <3 135 23(17.0) 9.689 0.008 3~ 391 101(25.8) ≥7 195 63(32.3) 家庭去年收支情况 11.150 0.004 债务繁重/略显不足 116 26(22.4) 收支平衡 382 85(22.3) 相当宽裕/略有结余 223 76(34.1) 表 3 变量赋值情况
Table 3. Variable assignment
变量 赋值方法 县区 贵池区=0,青阳县=1 人群类型 孕妇=0,父母=1 (准)母亲文化程度 初中及以下=(0, 0),高中/中专/职高/技校=(1, 0),大专及以上=(0, 1) (准)父亲文化程度 初中及以下=(0, 0),高中/中专/职高/技校=(1, 0),大专及以上=(0, 1) (准)母亲职业 农民/农民工/工人=(0, 0, 0),商业服务/个体私营=(1, 0, 0),机关企事业单位职工=(0, 1, 0),无业及其他=(0, 0, 1) (准)父亲职业 农民/农民工/工人=(0, 0, 0),商业服务/个体私营=(1, 0, 0),机关企事业单位职工=(0, 1, 0),无业及其他=(0, 0, 1) (准)母亲现在工作状态 无业=(0, 0),全职=(1, 0),半职/工作时间灵活=(0, 1) 家庭人均年收入 <3万元=(0, 0),3~7万元=(1, 0),>7万元=(0, 1) 家庭去年收支情况 债务繁重/略显不足=(0, 0),收支平衡=(1, 0),相当宽裕/略有结余=(0, 1) 表 4 婴幼儿照护服务需求影响因素的logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the demand for infant care services
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR值 95% CI 地区 青阳县 1.063 0.186 32.652 <0.001 2.894 2.010~4.167 人群类型 父母 0.402 0.180 5.017 0.025 1.495 1.052~2.126 (准)母亲文化程度 高中/中专/职高/技校 0.712 0.287 6.181 0.013 2.039 1.163~3.575 大专及以上 0.887 0.259 11.691 0.001 2.428 1.460~4.038 (准)母亲工作状态 全职 0.452 0.214 4.454 0.035 1.572 1.033~2.392 半职/工作时间灵活 0.622 0.281 4.881 0.027 1.862 1.073~3.232 注:地区以贵池区为参照;人群类型以孕妇为参照;(准)母亲文化程度以初中及以下为参照;(准)母亲工作状态以无业为参照。 -
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