后疫情时代ICU护士心理健康状况及影响因素调查

刘洁; 李磊; 王小成; 张楠

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003761

后疫情时代ICU护士心理健康状况及影响因素调查

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003761

刘洁^{1, 2},
李磊³,
王小成^{1, 2},
张楠^2, ,

1.
空军军医大学航空航天医学系航空航天临床医学中心, 陕西西安 710032
2.
空军军医大学西京医院空勤科，陕西西安 710032
3.
中国人民解放军联勤保障部队北戴河康复疗养中心，河北秦皇岛 06610

基金项目:

军事医学人才助推砺剑行动项目 LJXD-222H-202206

详细信息

通讯作者:
张楠，E-mail: 541967734@qq.com

中图分类号: R395.6
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- 文章访问数: 14
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-31

Survey on the mental health status and influencing factors of ICU nurses in the post epidemic era

LIU Jie^{1, 2},
LI Lei³,
WANG Xiaocheng^{1, 2},
ZHANG Nan^{2
, ,}

1.
Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解ICU护士的心理健康状况，分析后疫情时代ICU护士心理健康状况及影响因素。方法 2023年11—12月选取在某军队医院ICU工作的护士300人为研究对象，采用社会支持评定量表、疲劳量表、积极心理资本及压力知觉量表对研究对象进行问卷调查。结果 ICU护士压力知觉总分为38.00(32.00, 42.00)分，疲劳总分为7.00(4.00, 10.00)分，社会支持总分为49.00(44.00, 55.00)分，积极心理资本评分中自我效能(33.19±6.01)分、韧性(29.89±7.25)分、希望(32.16±5.38)分、乐观(32.37±5.60)分。16.49%(48/291)的护理人员感受到的压力适中，62.89%(183/291)压力较高，20.62%(60/291)压力非常高。进一步对其进行单因素分析，结果显示年龄、有无子女、是否参加抗疫活动、是否感染新冠、是否完成疫苗接种以及婚姻状况均不同程度地与压力知觉、疲劳与积极心理资本有关(P＜0.05)。压力知觉与社会支持、积极心理资本呈负相关关系，与疲劳呈正相关关系。结论 80%以上的ICU护士均感受到较高的心理压力和疲劳，科室应采取科学合理的干预方法帮助护理人员缓解疲劳和压力，确保救治工作的顺利开展。
- 压力知觉 /
- 疲劳 /
- 社会支持 /
- 积极心理资本 /
- 护理人员
Abstract: Objective To investigate the mental health status of ICU nurses and the factors affecting them in the post epidemic era. Methods A total of 300 nurses working in the ICU of a military hospital were investigated from November 2023 to December 2023, and questionnaires were administered using the social support rating scale, fatigue scale, positive psychological capital and stress perception scale. Results The total stress perception score of ICU nurses was [38.00 (32.00, 42.00)], the fatigue score was [7.00 (4.00, 10.00)], the social support score was [49.00 (44.00, 55.00)]. The self-efficacy (33.19±6.01) and resilience (29.89±7.25) scores in positive psychological capital were hope (32.16±5.38), and optimism (32.37±5.60). Additionally, out of the nursing staff surveyed, 16.49% (48/291) felt moderate pressure, while 62.89% (183/291) experienced higher pressure, and 20.62% (60/291) reported very high pressure. Further multifactorial analysis revealed that age, having children, participating in anti-epidemic activities, contracting new crowns, completing vaccinations, and marital status were associated with varying degrees of stress, fatigue, and positive psychological capital (P < 0.05). In addition, stress perception was negatively correlated with social support and positive psychological capital while positively correlated with fatigue. Conclusion More than 80% of ICU nurses experience high levels of psychological stress and fatigue, and the department should implement scientific and reasonable intervention methods to help nursing staff alleviate fatigue and stress, ensuring smooth treatment implementation.
- Stress perception /
- Fatigue /
- Social support /
- Positive psychological capital /
- Nursing staff

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表 1 压力知觉和积极心理资本单因素分析(分)

Table 1. Univariate analysis of stress perception and positive psychological capital (points)

项目	类别	人数	自我效能 (x±s)	韧性 (x±s)	希望 (x±s)	乐观 (x±s)	压力知觉总分 [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]
年龄	＜35岁	129	33.58±6.29	29.58±8.11	31.98±6.25	32.14±6.14	37.00(30.00, 42.00)
	≥35岁	162	32.87±5.78	30.13±6.50	32.31±4.58	32.56±5.14	39.00(33.00, 42.00)
统计量			1.003^a	-0.640^a	-0.532^a	-0.629^a	1.201^b
P值			0.317	0.523	0.595	0.530	0.230
子女情况	没有	51	35.71±4.97	32.65±6.57	33.53±5.62	34.18±5.47	30.00(28.00, 41.00)
	有	240	32.65±6.08	29.30±7.27	31.88±5.29	31.99±5.57	38.50(33.00, 42.00)
统计量			3.356^a	3.035^a	2.006^a	2.559^a	4.012^b
P值			0.001	0.003	0.046	0.011	0.001
新冠感染情况	未感染	18	37.33±4.81	35.00±1.97	36.50±3.79	36.67±3.29	32.00(25.00, 35.00)
	已感染	273	32.91±5.99	29.55±7.35	31.88±5.35	32.09±5.61	38.00(32.00, 42.00)
统计量			3.067^a	3.135^a	3.603^a	3.421^a	3.557^b
P值			0.002	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001
抗疫活动	未参加	57	34.37±5.89	32.05±6.27	34.53±6.10	34.89±5.17	33.00(25.00, 40.00)
	参加	234	32.90±6.01	29.36±7.39	31.59±5.04	31.76±5.54	39.00(33.00, 42.00)
统计量			1.662^a	2.538^a	3.781^a	3.884^a	3.512^b
P值			0.098	0.012	0.001	0.001	0.001
婚姻状况	已婚	249	32.72±6.00	29.31±7.14	31.78±5.25	31.99±5.51	39.00(33.00, 42.00)
	未婚或者离异	42	35.93±5.34	33.29±7.07	34.43±5.66	34.64±5.67	29.00(25.00, 37.00)
统计量			-3.250^a	-3.341^a	-2.989^a	-2.877^a	-4.725^b
P值			0.001	0.001	0.003	0.004	0.001
疫苗接种	完成	255	33.56±5.80	30.45±6.88	32.41±5.38	32.78±5.50	37(25.00, 40.00)
	未完成	36	30.50±6.84	25.92±8.54	30.42±5.13	29.50±5.55	42(33.00, 42.00)
统计量			2.901^a	3.580^a	2.096^a	3.343^a	3.832^b
P值			0.004	0.001	0.037	0.001	0.001
注：^a为t值，^b为Z值。

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表 2 疲劳和社会支持单因素分析[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，分]

Table 2. Univariate analysis of fatigue and social support [M(P₂₅, P₇₅), points]

项目	类别	人数	疲劳评分		社会支持评分
项目	类别	人数	躯体疲劳	脑力疲劳	客观支持	主观支持	支持利用度
年龄	＜35岁	129	6.00(3.00, 8.00)	2.00(1.00, 4.00)	14.00(12.00, 18.00)	22.00(20.00, 27.00)	10.00(8.00, 11.00)
	≥35岁	162	5.00(3.00, 7.00)	1.00(1.00, 3.00)	16.00(14.00, 18.00)	25.50(21.00, 29.00)	10.00(9.00, 12.00)
Z值			-1.105	-2.974	2.898	3.751	1.160
P值			0.269	0.003	0.004	0.001	0.246
子女情况	没有	51	4.00(2.00, 6.00)	1.00(0.00, 3.00)	13.00(11.00, 16.00)	22.00(18.00, 25.00)	11.00(9.00, 13.00)
	有	240	6.00(4.00, 8.00)	2.00(1.00, 3.00)	16.00(14.00, 18.00)	24.00(21.00, 29.00)	10.00(8.25, 12.00)
Z值			3.064	1.783	3.737	3.199	-1.824
P值			0.002	0.075	0.001	0.001	0.068
新冠感染情况	未感染	18	2.50(2.00, 4.00)	0.00(0.00, 2.00)	17.00(15.00, 20.00)	25.50(18.00, 29.00)	12.50(10.00, 14.00)
	已感染	273	6.00(3.00, 8.00)	2.00(1.00, 3.00)	15.00(13.00, 18.00)	24.00(21.00, 28.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)
Z值			3.637	3.663	-2.267	-0.430	-3.760
P值			0.001	0.001	0.023	0.667	0.001
抗疫活动	未参加	57	3.00(1.00, 6.00)	2.00(1.00, 3.00)	17.00(14.00, 20.00)	27.00(22.00, 29.00)	11.00(10.00, 13.00)
	参加	234	6.00(4.00, 8.00)	2.00(1.00, 3.00)	15.00(13.00, 17.00)	23.00(20.00, 28.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)
Z值			5.327	0.596	-4.304	-2.945	-3.695
P值			0.001	0.551	0.001	0.003	0.001
婚姻状况	已婚	249	6.00(4.00, 8.00)	2.00(1.00, 3.00)	16.00(14.00, 18.00)	24.00(21.00, 29.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)
	未婚	42	3.00(2.00, 6.00)	0.50(0.00, 2.00)	13.00(10.00, 15.00)	22.50(20.00, 25.00)	11.00(10.00, 13.00)
Z值			-4.173	-3.803	-4.429	-2.182	3.172
P值			0.001	0.001	0.001	0.029	0.002
疫苗接种	完成		3(1.00, 6.00)	2(1.00, 3.00)	17(14.00, 20.00)	27(22.00, 29.00)	11(10.00, 13.00)
	未完成		6(4.00, 8.00)	2(1.00, 3.00)	15(13.00, 17.00)	23(20.00, 28.00)	10(8.00, 12.00)
Z值			1.658	2.943	-1.103	-0.744	-0.798
P值			0.097	0.003	0.270	0.457	0.425

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表 3 压力知觉与社会支持、疲劳和积极心理资本相关性分析(r值)

Table 3. Correlation analysis of stress perception with social support, fatigue, and positive mental capital (r value)

项目	客观支持	主观支持	支持利用度	自我效能	韧性	希望	乐观	躯体疲劳	脑力疲劳	压力知觉
客观支持	1.000
主观支持	0.450^a	1.000
支持利用度	0.116	0.292^a	1.000
自我效能	0.194^a	0.280^a	0.410^a	1.000
韧性	0.251^a	0.399^a	0.348^a	0.672^a	1.000
希望	0.319^a	0.438^a	0.298^a	0.680^a	0.581^a	1.000
乐观	0.250^a	0.435^a	0.357^a	0.649^a	0.622^a	0.839^a	1.000
躯体疲劳	-0.181^a	-0.459^a	-0.572^a	-0.471^a	-0.603^a	-0.542^a	-0.598^a	1.000
脑力疲劳	-0.264^a	-0.231^a	-0.350^a	-0.321^a	-0.403^a	-0.390^a	-0.364^a	0.495^a	1.000
压力知觉	-0.250^a	-0.378^a	-0.386^a	-0.651^a	-0.695^a	-0.699^a	-0.687^a	0.524^a	0.454^a	1.000
注：^aP＜0.05。

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