Long-term care needs and influencing factors of 304 disabled elderly in Datong City
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摘要:
目的 调查304名失能老人长期照顾需求，分析其影响因素，为制定失能老人个性化照顾方案提供指导。 方法 收集2020年1月—2024年3月大同市第五人民医院肿瘤放疗科收治的304名失能老人的病历资料，采用问卷调查法调查其长期照顾需求，并分析其影响因素。 结果 (1) 304名失能老人的长期照护需求量表总分为(122.34±8.83)分，处于中等水平；(2)婚姻状况为丧偶/离异、慢性病数量≥7种、入住疗养机构时间≥4年、居住方式为独居、失能程度为重度失能及亲属探望频率＜2次/月失能老人的长期照护需求得分较婚姻状况为已婚、慢性病数量1~3种或4~6种、入住疗养机构时间＜1年或1~3年、居住方式为与其他失能老人同住或与配偶同住、失能程度为轻度或中度失能及亲属探望频率≥2次/月的失能老人均更高(P＜0.05)；(3)居住方式为独居、慢性病数量≥7种及失能程度为重度失能是影响失能老人长期照护需求得分的相关因素(t=6.082、5.821、4.563，均P＜0.001)。 结论 304名失能老人的长期照护需求处于中等水平，且其受居住方式、慢性病数量及失能程度的影响，为满足其长期照护需求，建议为其制定失能老人个性化照顾方案，以提升其生活质量。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the long-term care needs of 304 disabled elderly in Datong City, to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide guidance for the formulation of individualized care programs for disabled elderly. Methods Medical records of 304 disabled elderly people admitted to the Oncology Radiotherapy Department of the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong City from January 2020 to March 2024 were collected. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate their long-term care needs and analyze the influencing factors. Results (1) The score of the long-term care need scale of 304 disabled elderly people in Datong City, the total score of the scale was (122.34±8.83) points, which was in the middle level; (2) The score of the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly with marital status of widowhood/divorce, number of chronic diseases ≥7, duration of stay in nursing institutions ≥4 years, residence mode of living alone, degree of disability as severe disability and frequency of family visits<2 times/month was higher than that of the disabled elderly with marital status of married, number of 1-3 chronic diseases or 4-6 kinds, duration of stay in nursing institutions<1 year or 1-3 years, residence mode of living with other disabled elderly or with their spouse, with mild or moderate disability and the frequency of family visits ≥2 times/month (P<0.05); (3) Living style alone, number of chronic diseases ≥7 and severe disability were the relevant factors affecting the score of long-term care needs of disabled elderly (t=6.082, 5.821, 4.563, P<0.05). Conclusion In Datong City, the long-term care needs of 304 disabled elderly people are at a medium level, which is affected by the living style, the number of chronic diseases, and the degree of disability. In order to meet their long-term care needs, it is suggested to develop a personalized care plan for disabled elderly people to improve their quality of life. -
Key words:
- Disabled elderly people /
- Long-term care needs /
- Investigate /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 304名失能老人的长期照护需求量表得分(x±s, 分)
Table 1. Long-term care needs scale scores of 304 disabled elderly (x±s, points)
项目 得分 长期照护需求量表总分 122.34±8.83 社会参与需求 9.02±1.29 日常生活照料需求 36.25±2.51 健康指导需求 26.08±2.86 基础医疗护理需求 13.67±1.43 精神慰藉需求 21.39±1.62 专科医疗护理需求 15.93±2.12 
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表 2 不同一般情况失能老人长期照护需求量表总分比较(x±s, 分)
Table 2. Comparison of total scores of long-term care needs scale for disabled elderly under different general conditions (x±s, points)
项目 例数 长期照护需求量表总分 统计量 P值 项目 例数 长期照护需求量表总分 统计量 P值 性别 0.757a 0.500 主要经济来源 0.313b 0.732 男性 139 121.92±8.94 养老金 213 122.09±9.28 女性 165 122.69±8.74 子女赡养费 58 122.76±7.86 年龄(岁) 0.716b 0.489 其他 33 123.22±7.63 60~75 31 120.98±9.03 入住疗养机构时间(年) 41.840b ＜0.001 76~90 251 122.37±8.87 ＜1 83 116.96±8.98 ＞90 22 123.91±8.09 1~3 176 122.43±8.79 文化程度 1.150b 0.329 ≥4 45 131.91±8.71 文盲 13 124.16±8.61 居住方式 47.100b ＜0.001 小学 98 123.49±8.78 独居 8 138.64±7.96 初中 129 121.67±8.57 与其他失能老人同住 261 123.43±8.84 高中及以上 64 121.56±9.48 与配偶同住 35 110.49±8.95 婚姻状况 12.511a ＜0.001 子女情况 0.655a 0.513 已婚 212 118.16±9.12 有 291 122.27±8.87 丧偶/离异 92 131.97±8.16 无 13 123.91±7.93 慢性病数量(种) 82.650b ＜0.001 失能程度 187.200b ＜0.001 1~3 53 113.76±9.15 轻度失能 244 117.58±8.93 4~6 176 120.43±8.63 中度失能 18 134.36±8.21 ≥7 75 132.89±9.07 重度失能 42 144.84±8.51 医疗费用支付方式 0.914a 0.361 亲属探望频率(次/月) 18.611a ＜0.001 医保 141 121.84±9.42 ＜2 167 130.88±8.66 自费/其他 163 122.77±8.32 ≥2 137 111.93±9.04 注：a为t值，b为F值。
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表 3 自变量赋值情况
Table 3. Assignment of argument variables
自变量 赋值方法 婚姻状况 已婚=1，丧偶/离异=2 慢性病数量 1~3种=1，4~6种=2，≥7种=3 入住疗养机构时间 ＜1年=1，1~3年=2，≥4年=3 居住方式 与配偶同住=0，独居/与其他失能老人同住=1 失能程度 轻度失能=1，中度失能=2，重度失能=3 亲属探望频率 ＜2次/月=1，≥2次/月=2
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表 4 失能老人长期照护需求得分影响因素的多元线性回归分析
Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing long-term care need score of disabled elderly
变量 B SE Β' t值 P值 婚姻状况 0.258 0.149 0.151 1.246 0.313 慢性病数量 4.669 0.316 0.337 5.821 ＜0.001 入住疗养机构时间 0.306 0.211 0.148 1.153 0.408 居住方式 5.864 0.344 0.356 6.082 ＜0.001 失能程度 3.727 0.293 0.288 4.563 ＜0.001 亲属探望频率 0.274 0.191 0.164 1.628 0.159 注：R2=0.167，调整R2=0.152，F=21.833，P＜0.001。
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