A survey on the research thinking and writing skills of clinical medicine postgraduate students
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摘要:
目的 调查临床医学研究生的科研思维、论文写作与发表现状、写作困境和指导期望，以期优化研究生科研培养模式。 方法 采用横断面调查方法，于2023年4月以广西医科大学临床医学全日制研究生为调查对象，从基本情况、科研思维、论文发表和写作现状、论文写作与发表困境、课程开设现状和学生期望等6个方面进行调查。采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件进行统计分析。 结果 共回收有效问卷2 142份。曾主持过研究生创新课题的博士比例显著高于硕士。对阅读的文献或专业指南质疑的比例以及在学术活动中主动发言或提问的比例均很低。博士在英文期刊发表论文的比例高于硕士。多数研究生的期刊论文阅读能力、文献提炼总结能力、文献检索能力、科研工具运用能力、科研数据分析能力等均较差。论文选题困难的原因主要是对学科热点了解不足、对课题兴趣不清晰以及无法凝练科学问题。既往接受过科研思维和写作指导培训的比例低，网络视频被认为是帮助最大的教学模式。科研思维培养、研究方法与实验设计和期刊选择是最被研究生期望获得的3个培训内容。 结论 临床医学研究生选题困难比例高、论文发表比例较低、文献提炼总结等科研能力较差，建议针对性开设规范化的科研思维培训、写作指导相关课程或论坛，逐步培养研究生的科研思维，完善研究生科研能力培养体系。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the research thinking, paper writing and publication status, writing challenges, and guidance expectations of clinical medicine postgraduate students, with the goal of optimizing the teaching model for postgraduate research courses. Methods A questionnaire survey method was conducted in April 2023 among full-time clinical medicine postgraduate students at Guangxi Medical University, covering six areas: basic information, research thinking, paper writing and publication status, challenges in writing and publishing, course availability, and students' expectations. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 2 142 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of doctoral students who have presided over graduate innovation projects is significantly higher than that of masters. Few students questioned the literature or professional guidelines they read, actively engaged in academic discussions. The proportion of doctoral students who published papers in international journals was significantly higher than that of master' s students. Most postgraduate students reported difficulties in reading international journal papers, literature extraction and summary, literature searches, application of scientific research tools, and analysis of scientific research data. The main reasons in topic selection included a lack of understanding of subject trends, unclear interests, and difficulty identifying scientific problems. The proportion of postgraduate students who had received training in scientific research thinking and writing was low, and online videos were considered as the most helpful teaching mode. The three most anticipated training topes were scientific research thinking, the design of research methods and experiments, and the selection of journals. Conclusion The difficulty in topic selection is high, paper publication is low, and the scientific research ability is poor. It is suggested to set up standardized scientific research thinking training and writing guidance, gradually fostering scientific research thinking of postgraduate students, and improving the training system of postgraduate research ability. -
表 1 临床医学研究生科研思维现状分析[人(%)]
Table 1. Analysis of current scientific thinking among clinical medical graduate students[people(%)]
科研思维 选项 硕士(n=1 831) 博士(n=311) χ2值 P值 质疑文献或专业指南的情况 偶尔质疑 127(6.9) 69(22.2) 74.376 < 0.001 学术活动中主动发言、提问、报告、讨论或交流等 经常 368(21.1) 192(61.7) 238.701 < 0.001 PubMed数据库的使用 熟练 672(36.7) 209(67.2) 102.144 < 0.001 期刊论文阅读后提炼总结能力 良好 318(17.4) 82(26.4) 14.176 < 0.001 文献管理软件(如Endnote)的使用 熟练 656(35.8) 218(70.1) 129.403 < 0.001 不熟练 960(52.4) 78(25.1) 从未使用 215(11.7) 15(4.8) 统计分析软件(如SPSS)的使用 熟练 481(26.3) 99(31.8) 34.744 < 0.001 不熟练 1 083(59.2) 204(65.6) 从未使用 267(14.6) 8(2.6) 科研数据分析能力 自行分析 957(52.3) 251(80.7) 87.446 < 0.001 需要老师或同学指导 874(47.7) 60(19.3) 作为主要完成人完成了临床或基础类项目 是 95(5.2) 65(20.9) 94.952 < 0.001 作为主要参与人完成了临床或基础类项目 是 351(19.2) 140(45.0) 100.516 < 0.001 
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表 2 临床医学研究生论文发表和写作现状[人(%)]
Table 2. Current status of publication and writing among clinical medical graduate students[people(%)]
论文发表和写作现状 选项 硕士(n=1 831) 博士(n=311) 统计量 P值 促使撰写论文的主要原因a 就业/升学需要 745(40.7) 281(90.4) 262.765b < 0.001 导师要求 581(31.7) 197(63.3) 114.868b < 0.001 获得相关奖励 167(9.1) 99(31.8) 126.086b < 0.001 个人兴趣 32(1.7) 70(22.5) 252.643b < 0.001 未撰写或未计划撰写论文的原因a 缺乏思路和/或数据 585(31.9) 3(1.0) 128.158b < 0.001 撰写能力不足 468(25.6) 8(2.6) 81.277b < 0.001 缺乏时间 190(10.4) 2(0.6) 30.867b < 0.001 缺乏动力 256(14.0) 1(0.3) 46.981b < 0.001 缺乏指导 438(23.9) 4(1.3) 83.170b < 0.001 计划撰写论文的体裁a 论著 416(22.7) 236(75.9) 354.876b < 0.001 Meta分析 308(16.8) 61(19.6) 1.454b 0.255 综述 461(25.2) 85(27.3) 0.649b 0.439 短评/Letter 11(0.6) 15(4.8) 39.527b < 0.001 个案报道 32(1.8) 8(2.6) 0.987b 0.321 论文写作难度系数 容易 91(5.0) 37(11.9) -6.263c < 0.001 一般困难 458(25.0) 109(35.1) 很困难 1 282(70.0) 165(53.1) 注：a为多选题；b为χ2值，c为Z值。
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表 3 临床医学研究生期刊论文写作与发表困难的原因[人(%)]
Table 3. Reasons for difficulties in writing and publishing papers among clinical medical graduate students[people(%)]
困难分类 选项 硕士(n=1 831) 博士(n=311) χ2值 P值 选题困难的主要原因a 学科热点了解不足 780(42.6) 53(17.0) 73.069 < 0.001 兴趣不清晰 598(32.7) 10(3.2) 113.381 < 0.001 无法凝练问题 571(31.2) 25(8.0) 70.923 < 0.001 缺乏指导 624(34.1) 12(3.9) 116.308 < 0.001 查阅文献a 文献检索困难 784(42.8) 102(32.8) 11.006 0.001 文献筛选困难 613(33.5) 51(16.4) 36.259 < 0.001 阅读效率低 948(51.8) 75(24.1) 81.516 < 0.001 其他 102(5.6) 31(10.0) 8.826 0.004 撰写过程a 框架不明晰 598(32.7) 26(8.4) 76.035 < 0.001 逻辑欠条理 614(33.5) 19(6.1) 96.038 < 0.001 讨论缺乏深度 1 327(72.5) 106(34.1) 176.938 < 0.001 图表制作不规范 805(44.0) 90(28.9) 24.676 < 0.001 写作能力低 1 259(68.8) 108(34.7) 133.356 < 0.001 参考文献筛选困难 817(44.6) 48(15.4) 94.063 < 0.001 写作难度最高的板块 背景 109(6.0) 5(1.6) 25.500 < 0.001 方法学 205(11.2) 15(4.8) 结果 99(5.4) 13(4.2) 讨论 1 418(77.4) 278(89.4) 投稿主要障碍ab 期刊选择 415(22.7) 158(50.8) 107.423 < 0.001 投稿系统 121(6.6) 25(8.0) 0.856 0.393 尚无投稿经历 1 078(58.9) 36(11.6) 238.287 < 0.001 稿件返修的主要障碍ab 返修意见的理解 116(6.3) 54(17.4) 44.249 < 0.001 返修意见的回复 106(5.8) 47(15.1) 34.841 < 0.001 补充数据 208(11.4) 61(19.6) 16.494 < 0.001 其他 98(5.4) 43(13.8) 31.045 < 0.001 注：a为多选题，b为选填项。
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表 4 临床医学研究生科研思维培训与论文写作课程开设情况[人(%)]
Table 4. Scientific thinking training and thesis writing courses for clinical medical graduate students[people(%)]
类别 选项 硕士(n=1 831) 博士(n=311) χ2值 P值 是否参加过科研思维培训 是 146(8.0) 47(15.1) 16.525 < 0.001 是否需要开设科研思维培训相关课程 是 1 538(84.0) 236(75.9) 12.300 0.001 哪种教学模式的帮助最大a 必修课 825(45.1) 96(30.9) 21.838 < 0.001 选修课 988(54.0) 199(64.0) 10.819 0.001 专家讲座 567(31.0) 74(23.8) 6.522 0.011 小班授课 1 025(56.0) 155(49.8) 4.052 0.048 视频自学 1 592(86.9) 249(80.1) 10.427 0.002 一对一指导 1 190(65.0) 233(74.9) 11.750 0.001 同学交流 1 226(67.0) 202(65.0) 0.481 0.515 注：a为多选题。
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