Abstract: Objective To investigate the urinary tract infection(UTI),pathogenic distribution and associated risk factors after endourological surgery. Methods A total of 450 patients undergoing endourological surgery in Shaoxing City People’s Hospital from February 2014 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed for risk factors causing UTI.Factors of age,sexuality,body mass index(BMI),ASA score,complications,operative time and hospital stay were displayed according to the types of surgery. Results Four hundred and fifty patients including 387 males and 63 females，with the average age of 69±12.Cases underwent 233 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate,transurethral resection of bladder tumor and transurethral lithotripsy were 233,139,and 50,respectively.The body mas index,ASA scores and complication umber were(23.3±3.3)kg/m²，1.69±0.63 and 0.99±0.97.The average time was (54±37)min for operation and (5.0±1.6)d for hospital stay.Antibiotics were used prophylactively in 61.8% patients.UTI were observed in 30 patients with infection rate of 6.67%.There were 25 strains of gram negative bacilli，accounting for 71.4%，while gram negative bacilli 8 strains，accounting for 22.9%，fungi 2 strains,accounting for 5.7%.The main species of the pathogens were Escherichia coli(45.7%),Klebsielle pnenmoniae(14.3%) and Enterococcus faecalis(11.4%).Regression analysis showed operative time(OR=1.58，P＜0.05),prophylactic antibiotics(OR=1.52，P＜0.05),age(OR=1.91，P＜0.05) and complications(OR=4.26，P＜0.05) were significant risk factors for UTI in endourological surgery. Conclusion Operative time,prophylactic antibiotics,age,complications play important roles in the development of UTI.We should pay attention to time control and use antibiotics prophylactively especially in old patients with multi-complications to prevent infection in endourological surgery.