Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of high flux hemodialysis(HHD) and hemodiafiltration(HDF)+hemodialysis(HD) in the treatment of chronic renal failure with uremia. Methods A total of 62 cases of chronic renal failure with uremiatreated with hemodialysis from August 2013 to December 2014 in our hospital were enrolled into the observation group,and 74 patients treated with hemodialysis in cooperative hospital in the same period were enrolledinto control group.The patients in the observation group were given high flux hemodialysis(3 times each week);and the patients in the control group were given hemodiafiltration(once each week) and hemodialysis(twice each week).Before and after the hemodialysis,the small-molecular substances(blood urea,creatinine,uric acid,potassium,phosphorus),middle-molecular substances(parathyroid hormone),and large-molecular substances(blood β₂-microglobulin,cysteine protease inhibitors C) levels of two groups were observed.And after the hemodialysis,the urea dialysis adequacy indicators(urea clearance index,standard protein catabolic rate,time-averaged urea concentration) of both groups were compared.The clinical efficacies of HHD and HDF+HD were compared between the two groups. Results After the dialysis,the levels of all observed toxinsin both groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.05);and levels of serum phosphorus,parathyroid hormone,cystatin C in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The differences inurea clearance index,standard protein catabolic rate,time-averaged urea concentration were not significant between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion As compared with HDF+HD,HHD has better efficacy on removing the middle- and large-molecular toxins.