Abstract: Objective To study the risk factors of postherpetic neuralgia,and provide the basis for the clinical treatment. Methods Total 79 cases patients with herpes zoster in our hospital were recricted and divided into postherpetic neuralgia group(29 cases) and non-postherpetic neuralgia group(50 cases).A questionnaire survey was conducted among all patients.The shingles type,treatment time,the invloved area ofskin,prodromalpain and the correlation with postherpetic neuralgia were recorded and anlyzed. Results The treatment time for herpes zoster and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was significantly correlated(P<0.05),the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia less than five days of treatment was 13.3 percent,the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia more than five days of treatment was 42.2 percent,the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia less than 5 days of treatment was significantly higher than the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia more than 5 days of treatment;the involved area of skin of herpes zoster and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was significantly correlated(P<0.05).The incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia with a small area of the affected shingles was 25.0 percent,the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia with a large area of the affected shingles was 51.4 percent,the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia with a large area of the affected shingles was significantly higher than the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia with a small area of the affected shingles;The prodromalpain of herpes zoster and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was significantly correlated(P<0.05),the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia with prodromalpain was 47.9 percent,the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia without prodromalpain was 19.4 percent,the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia with prodromalpain was significantly higher than the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia without prodromalpain. Conclusion The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia has no correlation with herpes zoster type,but significantly correlation with treatment time,the involved area of skin and prodromalpain.The active and effective early treatment can reduce the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia.