Abstract: Objective Transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)is the best way to deal with the symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).However,there is no significant effect on the overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms among certain number of patients after the surgery. Methods The clinical data of 286 cases of patients with BPH were collected in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2014.All the patients underwent TURP.Single-factor ANOVA was performed among the prostate volume,residual urine volume,average flow rate of urinary,maximum flow rate of urinary,detrusor and stability,IPSS score,QOL score,urinary tract infection and urinary retention.Multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysiswas performed evaluate the influence factors of postoperative overactive bladder syndrome after TURP. Results TURPwere successfully performed in all patients.After the operations,OAB symptoms were not alleviated in 42 cases(observation group),alleviated in 244 cases(control group).As compared with the control group,The patients in the observation group were with greater prostate volume,more residual urine,less maximum flow rate of urinary,poor detrusor stability,and higher IPSS score,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative less maximum urinary flow rate,poor detrusor stability and higher IPSS score could increase the risk of OAB symptoms after TURP(P<0.05). Conclusion OAB symptoms after TURP were correlated with maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),detrusor instability and IPSS score.These risk factors should be actively controlled to improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.