Abstract: Objective To understand the behaviors and lifestyles on the rural residents between Guangzhou city and Zhongshan city,and provide evidence for health education and intervention. Methods The 19 466 and 2 639 rural residents from Guangzhou and Zhongshan were taken out randomly and investigated in self-designed questionnaires,respectively.The data entry was used EpiData 3.1 software,and used SPSS 16.0 software to analyze the lifestyle behaviors among rural residents in the two cities. Results The smoking rates of the rural residents in Guangzhou and Zhongshan cities were 17.7%(3 445 people) and 25.3%(668 people),drinking rates were 10.9%(2 122 people) and 13.3%(351 people),respectively,and the sleep quality of Guangzhou residents(15 184 people,78%)was better than that of Zhongshan (1 496 people,56.7%).Comparison of smoking status,drinking condition,sleep quality among the 2 cities residents was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The time of sitting still of two cities among residents was too long,and smoking and drinking rates between the two cities of residents aged beyond 45 years were above than other age groups,diet of two city residents have irrational behaviors,and the form of physical exercise and health knowledge were concentrated and a single. Conclusion The rural residents had some unhealthy behaviors,especially those beyond the 45 years-old,which should implement health education and health interventions to the point.