Abstract: Objective To investigate theefficacy ofminimally invasive trans-muscular pedicle screw fixation in the treatment thoracolumbar fractures. Methods The clinical data of 50 cases of thoracolumbar fractures undergoing minimally invasive trans-muscular pedicle screw fixation and 50 cases undergoing traditional surgery surgery in the same period I our hospital between March,2012 and March,2015 were reviewed.Theclinical data,perioperativesituation,imaging and Disability Index score before after the surgery were compared between the two groups. Results The age,gender and thoracolumbar injury site were not significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05),the bleeding amount and drainage of minimally invasive surgery group was significantly lower than that of traditional surgery group(P<0.05),the operation time and hospital stay of minimally invasive surgery group were significantly lower than that of traditional incision group(P<0.05).The anterior height ofthe involved cone was higher than before in both groups(P<0.05).Thevertebral kyphosis angle and Cobb angle after the operation in both groups were lower than before(P<0.05).The dysfunction index scores within six months after the surgery in both groups were significantly lower than before(P<0.05). Conclusion Both minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for thoracolumbar fractures have good therapeutic effect,they can improve the functional disorders of patients.The minimally invasive surgical treatment have less damage,lessbleeding,shorter hospital stay and recovery quick than traditional incision treatment.