Abstract: Objective To explore the basic cause and regularity of chronic non communicable diseases(chronic disease)by analyzingthe health examination results,andputs forward countermeasuresforprotection of the health of residents. Methods The health examination results of the residents aged 18 year and over who wanted to join a health insurance program for urban and rural residentsin 2014 were analyzed.The test items included routine blood and urinetest,renal function and liver function,blood lipid,fasting blood glucose,ultrasonic examination of liver and spleen,ECG,bloodpressure,height,weight and waist circumference; and gynecologic examination,uterine appendagesexamination,B-mode ultrasonography examination of pelvis and routine vaginal discharge test in childbearing age women(20-64 years old) of their own accord. Results Total 5 440 in 5 748 individuals in physical examination were with chronic diseases,thetotal prevalence rate was 94.64%(male 93.10% and female 95.87%).The difference in the overall prevalence and the incidence of high blood fat,overweight,hypertension,abnormalityin electrocardiogram,fattyliver,gallbladderdisease,abnormal liver function and high blood sugar were significant between the male and female group(P<0.05).The difference in the overall prevalence and the incidence of high blood fat,overweight,hypertension,abnormality in electrocardiogram,fattyliver,gallbladderdisease,abnormal liver and renal function and high blood sugaramong different age groups were significant(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of gynecological diseases and disorders among different age groups were significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic diseases were the main influence factors to the health of residents.Theregular physical examination can understand the physical condition of the residents,some comprehensive measures will promote the health of urban and rural residents.