Abstract: Objective To investigate the composition of bacterial pathogens of the patients suffering from febrile respiratory illness(FRI) in Fuyang,and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinicians. Methods The blood,sputum and urine samples from 120 inpatient with febrile respiratory syndrome in our hospital from October,2014 to September,2015 were prepared.The sputum culture,blood culture,urine antigen test and PCR were performed to test the pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP),Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP),Pseudomonas aeruginosae(PA),β-hemolytic streptococcus(β-HA),Heamophilus influenzae(HI),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Chlamy-dia pneumoniae(CT),and Legionella pneumophla(LP). Results The positive rate of this 120 cases was 43.3%,in which SP accounts for 15.8%,SA accounts for 0.8%,KP accounts for 5%,PA accounts for 7.5%,and CP accounts for 9.2%.While β-HA,CT and LP were not tested.There were 5 cases with mixed infections,and the mixed infection rate was 4.2%.All of the 120 patients were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia,among which 75 patients were community-acquired pneumonia,whose positive rate of pathogen infection was 38.7%,and two patients were with mixed infection,whose mixed infection rate was 2.7%.Besides,there were 45 patients who were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,their positive rate of pathogen infection was 48.9%,and three patients were mixed infection,their mixed infection rate was 6.7%. Conclusions In Fuyang area,the first three pathogens of febrile respiratory illness are SP,HI and MP,and the mixed infections are more common.The principal disease of febrile respiratory syndrome is community-acquired pneumonia.There are differences in pathogen spectrum for community-acquired pneumonia and the COPD with community-acquired pneumonia.