Abstract: Objective To know the habit of daily drug usage and improper behavior of drug usage of the elderly patients with chronic diseases to provide the basis for the guide of reasonable drug usage. Methods The clinic elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus at Zhenru community during July to September in 2015 were investigated. There are six sections and 23 questions in the questionnaire contents which include patients' basic information,the current behavior and habit of drug usage and so on. Results A total of 6 002 valid questionnaires were received. 51. 56% of the respondents first chose "observation for a period of time"when they got sick. 53. 26% of the respondents didn't have periodical physical examination in view of the situation of drug usage. Only 17. 12% of the respondents paid attention to reading the instructions before drug usage,and 34. 72% of the respondents didn't even look at the instructions. When they had a slight adverse reaction after drug usage,only 28. 38% of the respondents went to a certified hospital for seeing a doctor.For expired medicines,21. 95% of the respondents chose to take them and 69. 44% of the respondents chose to throw them away. More than half of the respondents didn't know how to distinguish between health care products and drugs. The top three which the respondents paid the most attention to drug information are dosage,adverse reactions and taking time.In addition,11. 65% of the respondents didn't focus on any medicine information. 94. 50% of the respondents first chose"doctor's guidance"when they took medicine. Other respondents chose personal experience,imitate others and advertising. Conclusion The elderly patients were lack of consciousness of rational drug usage. Drug abuse phenomenon was relatively common. The habit of drug usage was easily affected by external environment. It is necessary for community general practitioners to know resident's habits of drug usage timely,popularize knowledge of rational drug usage,guide them how to take medicines,let the community residents consciously prevent the abuse of drugs,improve drug usage rationality,reduce waste and reduce the occurrence of drugs harm events which can be avoided.