Abstract: Objective To investigate the trust of rural residents in Anhui Province for the primary care and the influencing factors,and provide basis for the construction of classification of medical service system and allocation of basic medical and health resources. Methods A questionnaire survey on the trust and satisfaction to primary care and its factors was conducted among farmers who lived around our representative rural-oriented medical student investigators from wide areas of Anhui province in 2015.A total of 739 valid responses were collected and analyzed. Results Fifty-four point thirteen percent of rural residents argued that the treatment was inconvenient,74.70% agreed that there was at least one "convenient" item in the treatment process.The "not convenient" items mainly included"waiting times and waiting order(38.29%)","the doctor's image,attitude and level(35.86%)" and "reasonable and appropriate fees for(33.42%)" and so on.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that this level of trust not only with physiological factors survey age,sex,etc.,but also to marital status,education level,family size,housing area and the living environment,indirectly suggesting that social,economic and behavioral factors significantly affect the level of trust on the status of rural primary health care services. Conclusion The availability to primary health care institutions for rural farmers should be improved.The trust and satisfaction of rural residents to primary care services should be improved not only directly by the delivery of health services,but also indirectly by the new rural social and economic development and health lifestyles and harmonious society construction and others.