Abstract: Objective To study the risk of early respiratory failure complication in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury(TCSCI) and related influencing factors,and provide basis for evaluation and promotion of prognosis of patients. Methods The study was a reviewing trial.Total 212 TCSCI patients in our hospital from June,2011 to June,2015 were enrolled into this study.The clinical data were collected,and patients were grouped based on respiratory failure.Forty-one TCSCI patients with early respiratory failure were selected as study group,and 171 patients without respiratory failure as control group,and prognosis situation of patients were compared between groups.The influencing factors on early respiratory failure were analyzed by single factor analysis and Logistic aggression analysis. Results There was difference between the patients with or without fracture dislocation(χ²=7.964,P=0.005),skeletal level(χ²=15.826,P<0.001),injuring reasons(χ²=4.305,P=0.014),ASIA classification(χ²=51.947,P<0.001).Logistic aggression revealed that whether accompanied by fracture dislocation(OR=6.120,95%CI:1.574-9.644),skeletal level(OR=2.215,95%CI:1.369-3.454),ASIA classification(OR=1.925,95%CI:1.122-2.774)were impact factors of early respiratory failure complication of TCSCI. Conclusion The fracture dislocation,skeletal level above C4,high ASIA classification could be risk factors of early respiratory failure complication,specific precautionary measures should be reinforced to decrease risk of respiratory failure and improve prognosis.