Abstract: Objective To observe and explore the improvement on anxiety and depression of targeted nursing intervention in patients with thyroid surgery. Methods Targeted nursing intervention model were carried out on 54 patients with thyroid surgery from April,2015 to March,2016,as the intervention group;54 cases accepted only normal nursing were selected as the control group.Self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI) were used for assessment of depression,anxiety and sleep quality in both groups,and activities of daily living scores (BI rate) and the quality of life scale(SQLS) score were evaluated in both groups,SPSS software were used to analyze the results. Results The difference of SDS score,SAS score,PSQI score,BI rate and SQLS score before nursing between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);after nursing,SDS,SAS and PSQI in the intervention group were (31.2±9.5) points,(33.5±10.8) points and (37.9±6.2) points,and was (47.9±11.6) points,(53.1±5.8) points and (48.3±9.4) points in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);after the nursing,BI score and SQLS score in intervention group was significantly higher,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of targeted nursing intervention model has a significant effect on improving the mental status and sleep quality of patients with thyroid surgery,and it is helpful to improve the quality of life.