Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological distress during chemotherapy among inpatients with breast cancer,and analyze its related factors for providing evidence of clinical psychological intervention strategies. Methods Selected 100 subjects of female breast cancer who had been treated with chemotherapy admitted to Lintong maternal and child health hospital from May,2013 to November,2014.The questionnaires included the general information and psychological distress thermometer(DT),data were input to EpiData 3.0 database after investigation,and using SPSS 18.0 for statistical analysis,P<0.05 indicates statistically significant differences. Results The frequency of psychological distress(DT ≥ 4)was 71.0%.Univariate analysis showed that:psychological distress degree is related to age,the degree of education,the way of payment for treatment cost,Family per capita income per month,whether menopause before chemotherapy and chemotherapy cycle(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that:older of patients(OR=0.731,95%CI:0.409-0.842)and use health insurance to payment for treatment cost(OR=0.349,95%CI:0.144-0.846)were protective factors of psychological distress in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy(P<0.05).and the degree of education(OR=1.463,95%CI:1.033-2.071)is the risk factor of psychological distress in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy(P<0.05). Conclusion The Most patients of breast cancer had serious psychological distress, the main risk factors were higher education,age and higher ratio at one's own expense in treatment. This article maybe provide the right way to relieve the patients' psychological distress.