Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of total laparoscopic surgery on T cell subsets and its cytokines in patients with early stage differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods From January,2013 to January,2015,we prospectively collected 50 cases with early differentiated thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital as the study group,and during the same period,50 healthy adults admitted to our hospital for health examination were randomly selected as the control group.The study group was given total endoscopic resection of thyroid carcinoma.The main outcome measures were the peripheral blood T cell subsets and their cytokines in the two groups. Results When compared with the control group,the proportion of CD4⁺T cells in the study group was significantly decreased[(20.48±6.43)% vs. (27.53±7.38)%,P=0.000];the proportion of CD4⁺/CD8⁺T cells was significantly decreased[(20.73±5.39)% vs. (28.94±7.39)ng/ml,P=0.000];the level of IL-6 was significantly decreased[(20.73±5.39)ng/ml vs. (28.94±7.39)ng/ml,P=0.000];IL-10 level increased significantly[(45.39±15.62)ng/ml vs. (23.94±5.39)ng/ml,P=0.000];the TNF-α was significantly lower[(8.48±2.14)ng/ml vs. (13.58±3.49)ng/ml,P=0.000].The levels of CD8⁺ T cells between the two groups had no statistical significance[(32.48±7.49)% vs. (34.58±8.12)%,P=0.463].Postoperative CD4⁺T cells in the study group were significantly increased[(24.82±3.32)% vs. (20.48±6.43)%,P=0.012];IL-6 was significantly increased[(20.48±6.43)ng/L vs. (20.73±5.39)ng/L,P=0.000];IL-10 was significantly decreased[(38.59±9.83)ng/L vs. (45.39±15.62)ng/L,P=0.002];the TNF-α was significantly higher[(11.75±3.29)ng/L vs. (8.48±2.14)ng/L,P=0.000]. Conclusion Patients with early differentiated thyroid cancer can be immunosuppressed,and total laparoscopic surgery is helpful to improve the immune function of early differentiated thyroid cancer patients.