Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of central venous catheter infection in neurosurgical patients. Methods Total 322 cases of neurosurgery patients with central venous catheter in our hospital from January,2013 to January,2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on infection or not, patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group. The gender,age,catheter location(femoral vein,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein),retention time(3-6 d,7-14 d,15-31 d),catheter material (flexible,hard),junction disinfection (iodine compound,0.5% povidone iodine,2% chlorhexidine gluconate),catheter lumens number (single chamber,dual chamber),infusion type(intravenous nutrition,general liquid),parenteral nutrition input(yes or no),catheter connector(heparin cap,no pin connector),underlying diseases(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,traumatic brain injury,acute cerebral embolism,brain tumors),glucose abnormalities(yes or no),liver function(normal or abnormal)of two groups were collected.The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were carried out to analysis the collected data to investigate the risk factors analysis of neurosurgical patients on infection of central venous catheter. Results In all 322 cases of patients,31 cases (9.6%) patients occurred central venous catheter infection.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that age,catheter location,indwelling time,catheter material,lumen catheter number,infusion types,input parenteral nutrition,underlying disease,glucose abnormalities,liver function abnormalities were the risk factors infection of central venous catheter in neurosurgical patients. Conclusion Neurosurgical patients easily occur central venous catheter infection.So clearing the risk factors of central venous catheter infection would be helpful for the targeted nursing and reducing the infection rates.