Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of early intervention and the compliance of patients on physical growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 1 year of age,provide a basis for intervention on development of preterm infants. Methods Total 151 cases of preterm in department of neonatology of Anhui provincial Children's Hospital from Dec.2010 to Dec.2013 were enrolled and divided into good compliance group(63 cases)and poor compliance group(88 cases)by following up for one year.The body weight and body length,psychomotor development index(PDI)and mental development index(MDI)in the two groups were compared. Results The body weight and length of poor compliance group were lower than those of good compliance group[(76.5±3.1)cm vs. (77.7±2.4)cm,(9.82±1.20)kg vs. (10.51±1.25)kg],and the differences were statistical significance(t=-2.456、t=-3.439,P<0.05).The index of PDI and MDI of poor compliance group were lower than those of good compliance group[76.6±13.7 vs. 84.0±13.0,82.3±13.6 vs 88.0±15.7],and the differences were statistical significance(t=-3.347、t=-2.398,P<0.05).The incidence of PDI<70 in of poor compliance group was higher than that of good compliance group(26.1% vs. 12.7%,χ²=4.064,P<0.05) at corrected gestational age for 12 months.But there was no significant difference for cerebral palsy. Conclusion Early intervention can promote the development of preterm infants,good compliance with follow up and intervention can improve the catch-up growth and Psychomotor development,reduce the risk of developmental disorders.