Abstract: Objective To summarize the clinical experience and surgical technique of retroperitoneal laparoscopic management of adrenal gland,renal and upper urinary tract diseases,improve the technical level,and promote the popularization laparoscopic techniques in primary level hospitals. Methods The clinical data of one hundred and eighty patients with urological diseases undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in our hospital between January,2011 and April,2015 were analyzed respectively.There were 60 cases of renal cyst decortication,11 cases of adrenal disease surgery (1case of pheochromocytoma,3 cases of neurofibroma,6 cases of nonfunctional adenoma,1 case of adrenal cortical hyperplasia),30 cases of simple nephrectomy,15 cases of radical nephrectomy,4 cases of partial nephrectomy,60 cases of ureterolithotomy.To operation time,amount of blood loss,length of stay,hospital expenses,etc. Results Of the 180 cases,177 cases accomplished retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery and 3 cases converted to open surgery.For the 11 cases of adrenal gland disease,the average operation time was 91 min,the amount of blood loss was 16 ml;for 60 cases of renal cyst decortication,the average operation time was 35 min,the average blood loss was 10 ml;for 30 cases simple nephrectomy,the average operation time was 120 min,the average blood loss was 20 ml;for 19 cases of kidney cancer surgery (15 cases of radical nephrectomy,4 cases partial nephrectomy),the average operation time was 126 min,the average blood loss was25 ml;for 60 cases of ureterolithotomy,the average operation time was 100 min,the average blood loss was 15 ml.There was no severe complication and therapeutic efficacy was satisfactory. Conclusion The retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for adrenal gland and upper urinary tract diseases can be widely applied in basic-level hospitals.