Abstract: Objective To understand the nutrition knowledge,attitude,behavior and body mass index of rural pupils in Chaozhou city and provide scientific basis for improving the health level. Methods In May,2015,the height and weight of 983 children of 3 rural primary schools in Chaozhou were determined according to the national student physical health research handbook requirement,the body mass index (BMI) was calculated to evaluate the nutritional status of primary school students.A survey of the children was conducted with self-designed questionnaires of nutritional and health,the data was analyzed with SPSS software. Results The detection rate of low body weight,overweight and obesity were15.56%,4.88% and 1.63% among 983 rural pupils respectively and the detection rate of low body weight,overweight and obesity in boys and girls was not obvious (P>0.05).The detection rate of low body weight of boys was 14.37% and was lower significantly than that of girls (P<0.05),and the rate of boys was the highest in sixth grade and girls in fifth grade.The detection rate of overweight of boys was higher than that of girls at same grade (P<0.05),the rate of boys was the highest in third grade (6.72%) and girls in fourth grade (4.42%).The detection rate of obesity of rural pupils in Chaozhou city was relatively lower,there was no obvious difference of boys and girls (P>0.05).The nutritional and health knowledge level of rural pupils was relatively low,and it was related with educational level.Their nutritional attitude was optimistic,poor diet,unreasonable proportion of three meals and imbalance nutrition intake were widely present in primary students. Conclusion In Chaozhou city,malnutrition and super-nutrition coexisted among rural pupils,lack of nutritional knowledge.It was necessary to strengthen the nutrition education and intervention of rural pupils,improve their nutrition knowledge level,so that students develop good eating habits,improve their nutrition and health status.