Abstract: Objective To observe the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with open bone grafting for tibial traumatic osteomyelitis (TTO). Methods A total of 96 TTO patients in Xiaoshan hospital from June,2012 to March,2016 was selected,and the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,each with 48 cases.The observation group were treated with VSD combined with open bone grafting;while the control group were treated first with infection control and wound repair,and then treated by second-stage bone grafting after 3-6 months.Time of infection control,covering the granulation time,fracture healing time as well as comprehensive efficacy were evaluated and complications were observed and compared between the two groups. Results Time of infection control,covering the granulation time,fracture healing time was (13.2±1.7) g,(32.2±7.4) d and (6.3±1.6) months in observation group,while the control group was (20.7±2.2) d,(48.8±8.1) d and (8.7±2.0) months.Time of infection control,covering the granulation time,fracture healing time was significantly less in observation group than the control group (P<0.05);the efficient rate was 91.7%(44/48) in observation group,while 77.0%(37/48) in the control group.The observation group was significantly higher (P<0.05);complication rate in observation group was 6.3%(3/48),while in the control group was 8.3%(4/48).The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion VSD combined with open graft on the TTO has significant effect,and can cover significantly granulation time and fracture healing time,worthy of further promotion in clinical practice.