Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and asymptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis and the mild cognitive impairment risk factors in patients with hypertension. Methods Two hundred and ten patients with hypertension,who received transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in our hospital between April,2012 and April,2013 were enrolled into this study.The simple mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) were used for cognitive function assessment. Results ①Among the 210 patients,28 patients were with MCI,36 patients with MCAS;9 of 36 cases of MCAS were with MCI,the prevalence was 25.0%;there were 27 cases of NMCAS patients with MCI,the prevalence was 10.9%,the difference in prevalence between the two groups was statistically significant.②Age,history of smoking and systolic blood pressure between the two groups was statistically significant.③The stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that:MCAS,systolic blood pressure and age were independent risk factors for MCI. Conclusion MCAS,systolic blood pressure and age are independent risk factors for MCI in patient with hypertension.The examination for intracranial vascular should be performed actively in patient with hypertension,and the early intervention may delay the occurrence of cognitive impairment.