Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors affected quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,and provide the theoretical basis for improving their quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were newly diagnosed and administered from January,2012 to January,2013 in Kuitun City of Xinjiang autonomous region and Gulou district of Xuzhou City in Jiangsu province and matched control were enrolled.The self-designed questionnaire and SF-36 quality of life (QOL) measurement scale,anxiety and depression self-rating scales,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale were used face to face to investigate.The linear regression was used to analyzed risk factors affected the quality of life of the newly diagnostic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results Three hundred and fifty-four patients whose average age is 45.21±18.71 were investigated,of them,207(58.47%) are males,147(41.53%) are females;708 subjects whose average age is 45.26±18.56 were investigated in control group,of them,414(58.05%) are males,294(41.53%) are females;QOL was 51.35(42.85,63.31) in patients group,and was 86.60(79.80,89.75) in control group,there was a significant difference between the two groups (Z=-15.93,P<0.05).The different dimensions of QOL,the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) of the patients group were all lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05).Linear regression analyzing the factors of the newly diagnostic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed that age,exercise,medical insurance and living in dark and damp environment,anxiety,depression and sleep quality were the factors affecting of QOL (P<0.05),and old age,living in dark and damp environment,anxiety,depression and poor sleep quality are risk factors,while long-term training and medical insurance are protective factors (P<0.05).Co-occurrence risk factors affected PCS and MCS including living in dark and damp environment,anxiety,depression,and poor-quality sleep as risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The newly diagnostic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have lower quality of life.While treating patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,anxiety and depression and sleep quality should be screened and intervened,in order to improve the quality of life of patients.